1. Objective: To understand and apply the design element space

2. Space/Perspective
Space is defined as the distance or area between or around things.
Space refers to the area in which art is organized.
Perspective is representing a volume of space or a 3-dimensional object on a flat surface.

3. White Space
White space is when you have many elements in a piece, you must leave some areas free from type and imagery.
White space creates a rest for the eye, and visually organizes what's on the page.
Sometimes a human's eye needs space to feel comfortable, and space will let the human's eye distinguish the part that's meant to be noticed compared to just the background.

4. Categories of Space
Positive space - Like in positive shape it is the actual sculpture or building.      
Negative space - Also like negative shape it is the space around the sculpture or building.
Picture Plane is the flat surface of your drawing paper or canvas.       
Composition is the organization and placement of the elements on your picture plane.
Focal Point is the object or area you want the viewer to look at first.

5. To Use Space in your Piece
Give the eye a visual rest by using white space.
Use a small amount of space to create ties between elements.
Form positive and negative shapes with the use of color and shape.
Give a layout depth by overlapping one element with another.
Use a lot of white space around an element to highlight it.
Use large margins to help make a layout easy to follow.
Use unequal spacing between elements to make a page dynamic.
Use letterspacing to help make type very legible.

6. Examples of Space

7. Types of Perspective
Nonlinear Perspective is the method of showing depth using position, overlapping, size variation, color and value.
Linear Perspective is the method of using lines to show the illusion of depth in a picture both one and two point perspectives

8. Nonlinear Perspective
Position-Placing an object higher on the page makes it appear farther back then objects placed lower on the page.
Overlapping-When an object overlaps another object it appears closer to the viewer, and the object behind the object appears farther away.
Size Variation-Smaller objects look farther away in the distance.  Larger objects look closer.
Color-Bright colors look like they are closer to you and neutral colors look like they are farther away.
Value-Lighter values look like they are farther back and darker value look like they are closer.  For example in a landscape the mountains often look bluish and lighter then the trees or houses that are closer to you.

9. Linear Perspective- One-Point Perspective
One Point Perspective is a devised drafting technique using straight lines that converge to a single vanishing point on the horizon line. This gives the illusion of three dimensional space on a two dimensional surface.
A horizon line is the most distant line marking the juncture of earth and sky. It is used to show the viewer's eye level.
A vanishing point in linear perspective, the point on the horizon line at which lines or edges that are parallel appear to converge. It is used to help draw edges of an object which recede from the viewer.
An orthogonal line in linear perspective, a straight line which connects the edge of an object to the vanishing point. It defines the edges of objects as they recede from the viewer.

10. One-point perspective
Think of it this way, lines created by the sides of tables or building look like that are pointing to the distance and they all meet at one point on the horizon this is one-point perspective.

11. One-Point Perspective
Now you will each do an interactive tutorial
Here is the link to your assignment one-point perspective

12. Linear Perspective – Two-Point Perspective
Two Point Perspective is a devised drafting technique using straight lines that utilizes two vanishing points on the horizon line. This gives the illusion of three dimensional space on a two dimensional surface.
Here the lines look like they are meeting at two points on the horizon line.

13. Space Assignments
Here is the link to your assignment two-point perspective.