1. Ch. 16, Sec 1 and Sec. 2

2. Dictators Threaten Peace in Europe (Ch. 16, Sec. 1)

3. Who were the dictators that gained control of governments in Europe? Treaty of Versailles left Germany angry and eager for revenge against the Allies Hitler (Der Fuhrer) gained control in Germany and created a Nazi state he felt was a superior race (Aryan) Mussolini assumed control in Italy and created a fascist government (Il Duce, black shirts) Spain became Fascist state under Franco, with help from Germany & Italy Germany (Rhineland) & Italy (Africa) began their assault on the rest of the world

4. How did Russia and Japan fall under the control of dictatorships? Many nations tried democratic governments, but struggled to establish their economies Stalin set up totalitarian rule in Russia and tried to create the model communist state (five year plans) Russia continued to avoid industrialization & had a large, poorly equipped military Military leaders gained control of Japan’s government & set up military dictatorship Japan then attacked & took control of Manchuria (China)

6. How did the United States respond to Japan’s aggression? The American public felt that the US should remain neutral (avoid European problems) In 1935, Congress passed the Neutrality Acts to help keep America out of Europe’s conflicts When Japan attacked China, Roosevelt found a way around Neutrality Acts to aid China Since Japan had not declared war, the two sides were not officially at war Roosevelt officially recognized the Soviet Union

7. War Breaks Out in Europe (Ch. 16, Sec. 2)

8. How did Germany’s aggression in Europe lead to WWII? Germany took control of Austria (most of its 6 million people were German) Next they bargained with France & Britain for control of the Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) France & Britain hoped that appeasement would satisfy Hitler and avoid war in Europe While Hitler threatened Poland, Russia (Stalin) signed a nonaggression pact with Germany Germany then took over what was left of Czechoslovakia

9. What were the results when Germany decided to start WWII? Germany attacked Poland using their new “blitzkrieg” (lightning war) strategy While the phony war (sitzkrieg) held the Allies attention, Germany invaded Denmark & Norway Germany then attacked France through the Ardennes forest (unprotected by France) They pinned the British & French soldiers on the beaches of Dunkirk (escaped across channel) France surrendered on June 22, 1940 to Germany

11. Britain during German Bombing

12. What happened to Britain when Germany attacked them? Hitler invaded Denmark & Norway to gain greater access for attacking Great Britain Germany used its Luftwaffe (air force)to bomb Britain, constant nighttime bombing raids At first, the Luftwaffe concentrated on the airfields & aircraft, but then began to bomb cities The RAF fought back with the use of radar & a device for decoding German messages (Enigma) The RAF fought brilliantly & finally forced Hitler to call off the German invasion