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Nazi Foreign Policy
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Nazi Foreign Policy Goals
Restore Germany’s greatness Eliminate or displace ‘weaker’ races End the Treaty of Versailles Lebensraum – ‘living space’
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Lebensraum – p. 54 What is the Nazis’ foreign-policy goal, as expressed here? Why does Hitler think the German people deserve Lebensraum? How will Germany acquire Lebensraum?
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Four steps to expansion:
Rhineland Austria Sudetenland Poland
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Rhineland Demilitarized Seized by France after WWI
March 1, 1936: German troops enter the Rhineland France offers no resistance
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Austria ToV banned reunification Large German population Nazi sabotage
March 1938: Anschluss – “union”
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Sudetenland Munich Conference – September 1938
Britain, France, Germany, Italy agree to German demands for land Hitler promises not to demand any more territory Annexed October 1
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Why would Britain and France give in?
Bonus: Why might this be a bad idea?
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Appeasement 1937-1939 Britain and France gave into Hitler’s demands
Why? Avoided war Gave Britain and France time to rebuild their militaries Wanted Germany as a counterweight to the USSR Assumed that Hitler was rational and would stop when his demands were satisfied
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The End of Appeasement March 1939: Germany invades the rest of Czechoslovakia – breaks the Munich Agreement Britain and France realize that Hitler can’t be trusted March 31: Britain agrees to defend Poland if it’s invaded Britain initiates a draft
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Poland August 1939: Nazi-Soviet Pact announced
September 1, 1939: Hitler invades Poland; USSR invades from the east Britain and France declare war on Germany World War II begins
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What do you remember about the progress of WWII?
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WWII in Europe: A Review
German tactic: blitzkrieg May 1940: Germany invades France June 1940: Fall of France Summer + fall 1940: Battle of Britain June 1941: Operation Barbarossa – Germany invades USSR
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Was invading the USSR a good idea?
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Pink areas = German gains in first two months of fighting
150,000 Soviet casualties in the first week of the war
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Occupying the USSR Brutal treatment of POWs
Einsatzgruppen targeted Jews + Communists Forced labor Widespread starvation
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Turning Points USSR organizes resistance
Germans move past supply lines Soviets call up reserves Allies aid USSR Winter
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“General Mud”
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Germans were unprepared for winter
Hitler believed the war would be over by winter – no winter uniforms were issued Germans were unprepared for winter
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The difficulty of supply
Roads/infrastructure The difficulty of supply
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The Battle of Stalingrad
August 1942-February 1943 Turning point of WWII on the Eastern Front Germans retreated after losing at Stalingrad 2 million casualties
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