2. New Deadlines Assessment Statements and Vocab – Tuesday Extra Credit Deadline (10%) – Thursday 1/21 5% EC Friday 1/22 Regular Credit Deadline - Monday 1/25 Great Depression/New Deal Test – Sometime the week of 1/25 – 1/29

3. Battle of the Presidents... Hoover: RepublicanFDR: Democrat Vs.

4. Pres. Hoover’s responses to the G.D. He didn't believe that the gov't should play an active role in the economy – Gov’t intervention would lead Americans to become dependent on the gov’t Tax breaks to bankers and businesses Hoover organized some private relief agencies for the unemployed European countries were encouraged to purchase American goods to stimulate American economy

5. Smoot Hawley Tariff Act – Protected U.S. industry (hoped to stimulate purchasing of U.S. goods) Turned out to be a big mistake – Other countries passed high tariffs so that no foreign markets purchased American goods. – This led to U.S. productivity decreasing again

6. Hoover Dam The Hoover Dam The building of the Hoover Dam demonstrated Hoover’s beliefs in business and government. The dam harnessed the Colorado River to provide electricity and a safe, reliable water supply to parts of seven states.

7. AMERICANS REACT TO HOOVER Hoover was increasingly unpopular He establishd the RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE CORPORATION –h–had power to make emergency loans to banks Hoover wouldn't involve himself in any programs of direct gov'tal aid to individuals -didn't want to erode Americans sense of "RUGGED INDIVIDUALISM"

8. People formed protests Dairy farmers frustrated w/low price of milk refuse to sell (dump it) WW1 veterans (pensions discontinued by congress) march on Washington = BONUS MARCH (by BONUS ARMY) Set up shantytowns = HOOVERVILLES (food scraps = HOOVER-MEALS, hitchhiking journeys = HOOVER RIDES)

9. Draw a picture that shows how the people reacted to Hoover’s help.

10. The Man, The myth, the legend… FDR

11. FDR’s childhood and early public career Raised in a wealthy family in central New York He had been raised with Christian values of simplicity, honesty, hard work, and compassion for the poor His mother taught him that the wealthy had an obligation to serve the public.

12. Practical reformer with the mind set of early 20 th century progressives Served as governor of New York State – Jobs programs, Old age pensions, unemployment and public assistance for the state of New York When he ran for president he promised a bigger role for government helping it’s citizens Many liked the idea that FDR had come back from polio and hoped that he could help make America great again

13. FDR’s Charisma Exuded warmth and reassuring confidence Tailored his speeches for the crowd that he was speaking to He gave Americans hope that things would get better

14. **1932 ELECTION Repubs. nominated Hoover  no hope winner by a landslide = FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT (Dem - N.Y. governor)

15. Summary Why did FDR win the 1932 election by so much?

16. Will power: 5 dozen cookies, not eating 1

17. *THE NEW DEAL The name FDR gave to his new program to fight the Depression Changed completely the way the gov't functions The first phase of the New Deal dealt exclusively with economic reform

18. First 100 Days Promised to create policies based on the needs of the “forgotten man” Money was set aside for public works projects Fair wages Relief for daily hardships

19. Reasons for the New Deal’s Early Success Government was eager to pass legislation FDR asked for advice from a diverse group of people=Brain Trust Fireside chats- He let the public know that he had not forgotten them and that help was on the way.

20. *New Deal Steps *step 1 - Fix the banks – dealt w/ the banking crisis - BANKING HOLIDAY- banks shut down and subject to gov't inspection, allowed to open when "healthy"- people's confidence returned  they redeposited, allowing banks to invest in the economy *step 2 – Fix the stock market Security Exchange Commission est. to police the NYSE. The practice of buying on margin was regulated *step 3 - to put more $ in circulation, FDR went off the GOLD STANDARD (gov't could print more $ than Fort Knox gold reserves would allow)- w/ more $ in circulation, wages and prices increased Increase in inflation -caused dollar value to lower which gave gov't spending power

21. New Deal Act poster On front: Acronym front and center (First letter of each word for the act) Name: What is the act’s full name Description: Describe the purpose of the act. What did it do? Picture: Draw a picture to represent it On back: How does this affect us today? What would the G.D. be without it?

22. The 3 R’s of the New Deal Relief: provide aid and immediate action to stop a decline. Recovery: Assistance to provide a restart to help the economy get well. Reform: A program which completely changed a part of the system. For each act, read through your information to determine whether it is “relief”, “recovery”, or “reform”. Identify which you believe each act is in the margin of your organizer.

23. *SPECIFIC PIECES OF LEGISLATION (direct gov't intervention in the eco.)(called "Alphabet Soup") *NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY ACT (NIRA) and NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMIN (NRA) were established to end animosity b/n labour and business  all was redirected to industrial growth  fair labour codes established - wages, no child labour, shortened work hours- business people challenged the NRA, claiming it was communist they formed the *LIBERTY LEAGUE - at LL's urging, the Supreme Ct. overturned the NIRA & NRA, claiming that fed. gov't was exceeding its authority (by interfering in state jurisdiction)

24. *TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY (TVA) - used to promote hydroelectric power, control flooding - lower rates  private industry, manuf. fertilizer  fed. gov't. took ownership (nationalization v. privatization)

25. Venn Diagram Create a comparison chart that show the differences and similarities between Hoover’s and FDR’s plans. 3 items in each column.

26. For the following slides… Discuss with a neighbor and write the answers on the white boards. One per nieghborship.

27. How would these programs advertised below help the US Economy?

28. What do these programs offer?

29. Are the arts important to US society? Why do you think that these programs were created?

30. How might national parks programs help the US economy?

31. Discuss what you see in the picture and what you think it is about? Kansas City from Politics, Farming, & the Law Kansas City from Politics, Farming, & the Law Thomas Hart Benton, 1936 Thomas Hart Benton, 1936

32. The Annual Move by Otis Dozier, 1936

33. Construction of the Dam by William Gropper HDT 1/22 How does this picture relate to the Great Depression?

34. Political Cartoon 48 Let’s go over the answers- 1 st and 2 nd What Americans of the Depression years are represented by the cartoon’s “ Forgotten Man”? Does the cartoon criticize or support FDR? What qualities or details in the cartoon support your answer?

35. * AGRUCULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT (AAA) - passed in 1933 to aid formers- its objective was to restore farmers' purchasing power and to restore the family farm - AAA had farmers cut back on crop production by paying them equivalent SUBSIDIES (paid not to produce) - bad side: *1) food production down when millions were starving Ag. Adjust Act- Farmers cut back on production Subsidies- paid for unplanted crops Bad? Starving Americans

36. Cont. * 2) Black sharecroppers were hurt: white landowners paid not to farm so they got rid of Black tenant formers *In 1935, AAA was declared unconstitutional by courts (too much control over individual states), so it was revised and introduced as new legislation *EX: Food Stamp Act of 1939 - gave away surplus food to poor, also guaranteed (small) farmers a market Land owners got rid of the share croppers- no land to farm AAA- unconstitutional- federal gov too much control- New law written Food Stamp Act- Surplus food given to the poor

37. UNEMPLOYMENT - still a major problem *FDR like Hoover was wary of gov't handouts - he wanted people to earn their keep so gov't agencies were created - temporarily - to address the unemp. problem FDR- no gov handouts- people to work and earn- address unemployment

38. *CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS (CCC) - in 1933 - set to establish work for young men (18-25) in areas of reforestation, soil conservation, flood control, road construction - also took them out of urban labor markets - but Blacks not permitted to enroll Work for men 18-25. restoration- soil, flood, roads No blacks allowed

39. other agencies had specific mandates too...*NATIONAL YOUTH ADMIN. (NYA) - created jobs for young in urban areas *FED. EMERGENCY RELIEF ACT (FERA) - aimed at older workers- these and other similar agencies worked well, but unemp. was still at 6 million in 1941(solution for this would be the ind. boom of WW2) *NEW DEAL - SOCIAL REFORM ASPECT- after 1935, w/ immediate economic relief & reform addressed, New Deal turned to Social Welfare - more legislation...

40. *National Labour Relations Act (aka Wagner Act)- it legitimized unions and labour tactics such as collective bargaining & collective action (strikes, etc...) - it outlawed BLACKLISTS & other anti-union practices National Labor relations act- Wagner- protected union tactics- out law antiunion practices and blacklists

41. *Social Security Act (1935)- feared by opponents as "creeping socialism"- this act typifies the WELFARE STATE - unemployment insurance, old age pensions Problem: it took some $ out of circulation (payroll deductions) at a time when purchasing power was already low- also, it only covered the unemployed 1936 - "Soak The Rich" tax

42. Summary Write a summary. Include the following topics: Purpose of New Deal Legislation 3 programs- who did it help and why it was created Do you think these programs worked to get the economy back on track and how much did they help the economy? Explain your opinions.

43. Political Cartoon 49 Label PC 49 and answer the questions Pass out hmwk quiz A answer- page 835- at least 3 of the following Native versus immigrant, protestant versus catholic, prohibition versus legal drinking, small town life versus city, fundamentalism versus modernism, traditional sources of culture versus new mass media

44. Human impact

45. *ELECTION OF 1936 - FDR won easily (v Repub. Alf Landon - Kansas governor) this victory gave FDR a mandate to continue his New Deal policies *first objective: to reorganize the Supreme Court - they disallowed some New Deal legislation

46. *FDR wants # of judges changed from 9  15 (to "pack the court") - great opposition, so FDR w/drew this proposal *but judges retired & FDR got to appoint new ones  they approved all New Deal legislation

47. the late 1930's – new Qs arose… FDR concerned w/ int'l issues in 1939 he proposed no new major domestic reform measures (1st time in his pres.) *ELECTION OF 1940 - FDR broke with tradition & ran a 3rd time FDR v. Wendell Wilkie - the big issue here was American support of the Allies (G.B.), now embroiled in WWII v. Nazi Ger.

48. both U.S. pol. parties wanted to support G.B. but to remain neutral - in fact a CONSENSUS had developed b/n the Dems. and Repubs. *both parties approved of (most) New Deal legislation & wanted an isolationist foreign policy- FDR won in 1940 (and again in 1944)

49. IMPACT OF THE NEW DEAL * A 3rd revolution in American culture and politics- more gov't involvement but w/in the context of traditional U.S. democracy (not socialist…) *New Deal helped in stimulating the U.S. economy, but only WWII would solve any lingering problems  unemployed found jobs in munitions factories and the military as the U.S. became the ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY

50. *New Deal saw expansion of U.S. gov't in : 1) eco. - constant gov't intervention/deficit spending 2) social reform - welfare state - after this pt the U.S. gov't was expected to play a role in any economic crisis *so FDR fundamentally reformed (not transformed) American society…

51. Summary write a summary that describes: Reelections of FDR Supreme courts during FDR’s presidency Impacts of the New Deal

52. PC 50