1. Anthropometry & Workspace Design

2. Static Anthropometry Fixed structural dimensions of the body
Height, arm length etc.

3. Workspace Anthropometry

4. Percentiles for Normative Population
Side View Standing 1
Male
Female 2 3

5. Use of the Normal Distribution
Properties of the Normal Probability Curve
Percentiles & Standard Scores, T-score, Hull score

6. Arbitrary Scores & Scales
T-scores
Mean = 50, sd = 10
Hull scores
Mean = 50, sd = 14
Stanine scale
equal width of categories
nine categories
Each category 0.5 sd wide
Categories 1 & 9 open ended

7. STANINE chosen for O-SCALE system based upon number of categories and equal width of categories
Stanine Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Percentage of Normal Distribution within Category 4% 7%
12%
17%
20%
Boundary Z-Scores
-1.75
-1.25
-0.75
-0.25
+0.25
+0.75
+1.25
+1.75
Boundary Percentiles 11 23 40 60 77 89 96

8. Use of the Normal Distribution
Area under the curve from 0 to Z
Only absolute z-scores needed because the curve is symmetrical
what percentage of the population is between two given z-scores

10. Constraints & Criteria
an observable characteristic of humans that has consequence upon design
Criterion
a standard of judgment against which the match between user and artefact may be measured

11. Criteria Primary: Comfort, safety, efficiency
Secondary: numerous low-level criteria needed to satisfy the primary criteria

12. Dynamic Anthropometry
Reach or clearance under functional conditions
Range of joint movements
Strength measures
Dynamic data often specific to design problem

13. “The Average Person”
The average person does not exist but is the most probable member of the population
Chances of encountering an individual who is average in a number of dimensions is extremely small
Individual can not be 95th percentile in all measures

14. Bertillionage Clerk with the French Surete in late 19th century
Catalog of seven anthropometric measures of all criminals measured to give unique identification
Finger printing

15. Bertillionage Clerk with the French Surete in late 19th century
“Anthropometrical signalment“
Catalog of anthropometric measures of all criminals measured to give unique identification to identify repeat offenders
Finger printing

16. Designing for the Majority
5th and 95th percentiles are often used
What are the consequences for the 10% excluded?
Is the user population easily defined?

17. Four Cardinal Constraints of Anthropometrics
Clearance
Headroom, elbowroom, legroom, handle apertures. Define the minimum acceptable dimension of the object. 95th percentile
Reach
Ability to grasp and operate controls. Define the maximum acceptable dimension of the object. 5th percentile

18. Four Cardinal Constraints of Anthropometrics
Posture
Relationship of dimensions of working surface to those of the user may determine posture. Large and small equally important
Strength
Strength imposes a one-way constraint. 5th percentile usually

19. Multiple Constraints
Using more than one constraint will cause an increase in the percentage of the population excluded
Measures are not perfectly correlated