1. Hinduism December 2011 preAP World History By: Stephanie Alpizar, Bonnie Chan and Griffin Hogle

2. The Beginning No definite beginning/founder/date c 2800 - 2000 BCE Indus Valley civilization forms c 1200 - 900 BCE Early Vedic period c 900 - 600 BCE Late Vedic period c 800 - 300 BCE Upanishads c 500 BCE- 1000 CE Epics and Puranas c 1540 European missionaries c 1800 s Hindu renaissance

3. Sacred Texts 4 Vedas Rig Veda Yajur Veda Atharva Veda SamaVeda Upanishads Puranas Epics -Mahabharata and Ramayana Bhagavad Gita Rig Veda: originally written in Sanskrit

4. Teachings/Beliefs Collaboration of beliefs Karma, “action” Samsara - Reincarnation Moksha/Mukti - goal of liberation Atmam (Individual, Soul) Brahaman (“God”) “Saints” Samsara

5. Practices and Rituals Puja ◦ Daily worship Dharma ◦ religious duties pertaining to family and society Yoga/meditation ◦ “inner self”

6. Practices and Rituals Bhakti ◦ The devotion to a specific god Sacrifices to deities ◦ Braham ◦ Vishnu ◦ Shiva Converting to Hinduism

7. Symbols Om/Aum ◦ Represents the beginning of the world ◦ Not Hindu-specific Temples ◦ Connection of people and gods Swaminarayan Akshardham is the world’s biggest Hindu temple. It is multifaceted and it is located in New Delhi

8. Women’s Roles Written in law books (ex. Dharma Sastras) Benevolent and malevolent Controlled by father then husband Important roles in some rituals More freedoms today

9. Influenced and Influenced By Aryans Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism Christians Persians Non- Mission-izing

10. Influenced: Caste Stystem Four classes -Bhramin -Kshatryia -Viasya -Sudra Untouchables

11. Fun "Never was there a time when I did not exist, nor you, nor any of these kings; nor in the future shall any of us cease to be.” -Bhagavad gita

12. Citations *Caswell, Thomas. "Hinduism." Regents Exam Prep Center. N.p., 2003. Web. 5 Dec. 2011.. *Infoplease. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Dec. 2011.. *Wangu, Madhu Bazaz. Hinduism: World Religions. New York: Brown Publishing, 1991. Print. *"The Rise of Hinduism." The Earth and It's Peoples. USA: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2008. 172- 175. Rpt. in A Global History AP Edition. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print. *Gaston, Anne-Marie. "Dance and the Hindu Woman: Bharatanatyam Re-ritualized." Encyclopedia of Women and World Religion. By Constantina Rhodes Bailly. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 1999. N. pag. ic.galegroup.com. Web. 5 Dec. 2011.. *Bowker, John. "Timeline of Hinduism." Cambridge History of Religions. Cambridge History of Religions ed. 312. religionfacts.com. Blue Host, n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2011.. *Ham, Jara Van. Women’s Roles in Hinduism. mahavidya. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2011..