2. Section 2 Day 3 Virginia Driver Responsibilities: Preparing to Operate a Vehicle

3. Bell Ringer Write a half a page red to red. While driving we take on a certain amount of risk, Think of some ways or things that you can do, to help you reduce your risk while driving. Worth 10 points.

4. Day 3 Objectives The students will define and understand risk assessment.The students will define and understand risk assessment. The students will understand different moderate risk driving environments.The students will understand different moderate risk driving environments. The students will understand risk reduction principles to establish vehicle speed.The students will understand risk reduction principles to establish vehicle speed. The students will understand theThe students will understand the three guidelines of risk taking. The students will understand the space management system used in Virginia.The students will understand the space management system used in Virginia. Students will be able to identify the 7 zones around the vehicle.Students will be able to identify the 7 zones around the vehicle. Students will be able to explain the differences of open, closed and changing zones.Students will be able to explain the differences of open, closed and changing zones. The students will examine and learn behaviors that contribute to safe driving habits.The students will examine and learn behaviors that contribute to safe driving habits. Related SOL: DE.2, DE.3, DE.4, DE.7, DE.15, and DE.18, DE.3, DE.4, DE.5, DE.6, and DE.7

5. Risk Assessment

6. What is Risk?  Risk is the Chance of Injury,damage, or Loss  “Chance” is the Likelihood of a Crash  “of Injury, Damage, or Loss” are the Consequences of a Crash Every driver accepts a certain level of risk when driving a vehicle.

7. Elements of Risk Elements of Risk are:  Risk Assessment  Risk Acceptance  Risk Compensation

8. Risk Acceptance Risk Acceptance: There is always a certain amount of risk involved in the driving task. There is always a certain amount of risk involved in the driving task. How much risk is acceptable? How much risk is acceptable? –Evaluate Consequences of Taking Risks ( Penalty, Damage, Injury or Death) Knowledge can help you reduce risk! 4To minimize risk, drivers need time, space & visibility to execute a maneuver.

9. Risk Assessment Recognizing increased risk situationsRecognizing increased risk situations -Speeding -Following Too Closely -Failure to Yield -Improper Turns -DUI -Lack of Safety belt use Understanding the consequences of increased risk situationsUnderstanding the consequences of increased risk situations Considering your options and the consequences of your choicesConsidering your options and the consequences of your choices

10. Risk Compensation - Recognizing potential risk or limitations and making appropriate adjustments Adjust Speed to Reduce Risk Adjust Lane Position to Reduce Risk Use Appropriate Communication to Reduce Risk

11. Reducing Driving Risk Good decision-making is essential to reducing driving risks. A driver in city traffic makes 50-60 decisions per mile. Your hands and feet can only do what your brain tells them to do. Developing good procedures for decision making: Observation skills Experiences Developing good habits

12. Reducing Driving Risk Work towards developing the best risk- reducing procedures and safe-driving habits. Habits are difficult to change. A space management system helps you to develop good driving habits.

13. Reducing Driving Risk Guided practice is key to developing sound habits and judgments Get extensive practice on all basic driving procedures Use a space management and targeting system Good habits and judgment often deteriorate over time Complacency Most novice drivers rate themselves as “good” drivers There may be no negative results from negative behavior

14. Risk Reduction Goals Make every driving sequence an efficient driving sequence. Make every driving sequence an efficient driving sequence. Use processing skills to make accurate judgments. Use processing skills to make accurate judgments. Develop sound procedures for all maneuvers. Develop sound procedures for all maneuvers.

15. Top 3 Causes of Crashes in VA. 1. Speeding: Includes driving above posted speed limits and driving too fast for the conditions. 2. Failure to Yield ROW 3. Driving While Intoxicated Driving abilities decrease when blood alcohol level increases

16. Distracted Driving Distractions while driving can be deadly. At 55mph, taking your eyes off the road for 3-4 seconds, the car has traveled a length of a football field (300 feet). What are some examples of distracted driving?

17. Lack of Safety Belt Use This is not an immediate cause of a crash, but… Failure to wear a seat belt often makes the consequences of the crash worse.

18. Three Guidelines of Risk Taking 1. Never Risk more than you can afford to lose A young driver breaks a specific traffic law resulting in the loss of their license. X

19. Three Guidelines of Risk Taking 2. Do Not Risk a Large Consequence for a Small Reward Ignoring a railroad crossing to save a few seconds or even minutes of time.

20. Three Guidelines of Risk Taking 3. Consider the Odds and Your Situation Things you can control vs. things you cannot

21. Good Driving Habits Habit Level Judgment Level Practice safe driving procedures that require little thought Have a well thought out strategy for managing time and space Become efficient and precise Respond correctly with the least amount of time Process Level Search for problems Evaluate options Execute decisions Modify speed and/or position Communicate to reduce the risk of collision

22. The Top Ten Errors 1.23.9% not attending to the path of travel (distractions – cell phone, sound system, passengers, etc.) 2.13.7% driving five or more mph too fast for conditions 3. 6.6% 6.6% driving too fast through a curve 4. 6.3% 6.3% inadequate search at an intersection and moving in front of cross traffic 5. 6.1% 6.1% lack of attention at an intersection and being struck by another driver that resulted in crashes involving teen drivers are: DO NOT WRITE THIS SLIDE

23. The Top Ten Errors DO NOT WRITE THIS SLIDE that resulted in crashes involving teen drivers are: 6.6.5%improper evasive action—quick turn not executed properly or braking instead of steering 7.3.9%failed to maintain visual lead 8.3.9%failed to see action developing at side of the roadway 9.3.9%following too closely 10.3.3%willfully taking right-of-way

24. Space Management

25.  Space Management Steps: Search –Search – Search the entire scene for anything that might cross your path of travel. Evaluate --Evaluate -- Give meaning to what you have observed. Determine an alternate path of travel or change in vehicle position. Determine proper speed. Execute --Execute -- Carry out any alternative action needed to minimize risk.

26. Vehicle Operating Space Direction of Travel There are seven basic areas of operating space for a vehicle. Six of the space areas (zones) are around your vehicle, and the seventh, or central space, is the space your vehicle occupies.

27. Central Space Area Direction of Travel Right-Front ZoneRight-Rear Zone Front ZoneRear Zone Left-Front Zone Left-Rear Zone OPEN,CLOSED CHANGING A zone refers to one of the six spaces around your vehicle. It is the width of a traffic lane and extends as far as you can see. A zone has three characteristics, it can be OPEN, CLOSED or CHANGING. Vehicle Operating Space

28. Central Space Area Direction of Travel Maroon White Yellow Blue GreenRed Vehicle Operating Space A zone can also be referred to as a color

29. Central Space Area Direction of Travel 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vehicle Operating Space A zone can also be referred to as a number

30. Direction of Travel Managing Your Zones Move Here Changing ZONE Closed ZONE Check Rear Check Side Central Space Area Open ZONE OPEN — OPEN — a zone that has no restrictions to the line of sight or path of travel. CLOSED — CLOSED — a zone not available for the vehicle’s path of travel or an area that has a restriction to the driver's line of sight. CHANGING — CHANGING — an open zone that may change to a closed zone.

31. Space Management Basics Searching Performances:  What to look for  How to look  Where to look Evaluating Performances:  Risk Potential of a Closed or Changing Area... Versus…  Risk Potential of Alternative Area

32. Where to look The area outlined in blue represents your field of vision extending from THE DRIVER to the intended target area. Proper search and actions consists of the: 4 to 8-second range — Immediate Action Required 12 to 15-second range —Allows for Escape Routes 20 to 30 second range — Safe and open path of travel Path of Travel

33. What to Look for A driver must constantly search for potential risks and determine consequences. Path of Travel

34. How to Evaluate Path of Travel  Will the motorcyclist enter your path of travel?  What will the blue car do?  How can the driver of the red vehicle reduce risks?

35. Executing Decisions : Change speed while maintaining vehicle balance Change position while maintaining vehicle balance

36. Changes and the Space Management System Many crashes result from a change in the driver’s ability to control the target area, sight line, or travel path before driving into a poor situation.

37. Conditions New conditions are always presenting themselves when driving. A driver must constantly question the present conditions on risk probability and potential consequences.

38. Processing Information Should always be based on the individual situation. Speed and Lane Position dependent on: –Legal Limitations –What the destination is –What is comfortable for the driver

39. Class Work Read Pages 354-358 Do Questions 1-4 on Page 358 Write the 4 questions and answer completely. Worth 10 Points.