1. An Economic Classification for the Culture Sector: the Québec Experience Christine Routhier Observatoire de la culture et des communications du Québec Institut de la statistique du Québec

2. Presentation Outline Boundaries of the culture and communications sector according to the Observatoire Boundaries of the culture and communications sector according to the Observatoire Limitations of NAICS Limitations of NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) Brief description of QCCACS Brief description of QCCACS (Québec Culture and Communications Activity Classification System) Examples of the conceptual problems encountered while creating QCCACS Examples of the conceptual problems encountered while creating QCCACS

3. Boundaries of the sector Definition of the sector: Definition of the sector: Culture and communications is an activity sector that is characterized by the production and dissemination of symbolic or information-based content. The sector is divided into more than a dozen fields: The sector is divided into more than a dozen fields: visual arts & fine crafts performing arts books visual arts & fine crafts performing arts books museums & heritage libraries sound recording museums & heritage libraries sound recording cinematography & audiovisual periodicals radio & television cinematography & audiovisual periodicals radio & television multimedia advertising architecture & design multimedia advertising architecture & design public administration & associations public administration & associations Excluded fields: environment and nature Excluded fields: environment and nature sports sports telecommunication services telecommunication services

4. NAICS NAICS is divided into 20 sectors NAICS is divided into 20 sectors 2 of these sectors are devoted to culture: 2 of these sectors are devoted to culture: 51 – Information and Cultural Industries 71 – Arts, Entertainment and Recreation NAICS also contains culture-oriented industries outside these 2 sectors NAICS also contains culture-oriented industries outside these 2 sectors

5. Problems with NAICS Certain types of cultural establishments are engulfed in non-cultural industries Certain types of cultural establishments are engulfed in non-cultural industries Example: fine crafts in Example: fine crafts in “32711 Pottery, Ceramics and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing” For certain types of cultural establishments, no distinction is made between the different fields of culture For certain types of cultural establishments, no distinction is made between the different fields of culture Example: "71151 Independent Artists, Writers and Performers"

6. QCCACS Objectives Design a classification that is sufficiently detailed to: Design a classification that is sufficiently detailed to: a) feature a large variety of activities within the sector; b) cover each of the cultural fields while respecting their respective boundaries. Reflect the Québec context and meet the needs of the stakeholders involved in culture. Reflect the Québec context and meet the needs of the stakeholders involved in culture. Tie in our classification with NAICS. Tie in our classification with NAICS.

9. Description of QCCACS The "sector" is divided into 15 "fields": 11 Visual Arts, Fine Crafts, and Media Arts 12 Performing Arts 13 Heritage, Museum Institutions, and Archives 14 Libraries 15 Books 16 Periodicals 17 Sound Recording (records) 18 Cinematography and Audiovisual 19 Radio and Television 20 Multimedia 21 Architecture and Design 22 Advertising and Public Relations 23 Organizations Dedicated to Representation and Advancement 24 Public Administration 90 Establishments involved in more than one field of culture and communications

10. Description of QCCACS Example of a "group" 18206 Dubbing Studios This group comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing dubbing services for films or television programs. Dubbing consists in substituting dialog from one language for dialog from another language. Exclusions: Sound Recording Studios (17203); Sound Recording Studios (17203); Postproduction Studios and Other Services Related to the Production of Films and Television Programs (18205). Postproduction Studios and Other Services Related to the Production of Films and Television Programs (18205).

11. Description of QCCACS Example: "11303.01 Contemporary Art Dealers" 11303.01Field: Visual Arts, Fine Crafts, and Media Arts 11303.01 Function: Dissemination/Distribution 11303.01 Group: Art Dealers 11303.01 Subgroup: Contemporary Art Dealers

12. A few examples of conceptual problems The entities to be classified were occasionally only fragments of establishments. The entities to be classified were occasionally only fragments of establishments. Example: cultural programs of universities

13. 14401Educational and Training Institutions Related to the Field of Libraries This group comprises public and private educational institutions primarily engaged in providing terminal instruction and training in the field of libraries. This group includes C.E.G.E.P., university, and other general education programs aiming to train graduates who will work specifically in the field of libraries.

14. A few examples of conceptual problems Certain types of establishments did not belong to a particular cultural field. Certain types of establishments did not belong to a particular cultural field. Example: actors

15. A few examples of conceptual problems Certain types of establishments cut across two cultural fields without being Certain types of establishments cut across two cultural fields without being"multi-field". Example : virtual periodicals

16. A few examples of conceptual problems The secondary activity issue The secondary activity issue Example: archival services

17. Suggestion for the OECD project Restrict the project to the "solid core" of culture. Exclude the activities regarded as the outlying areas of the culture sector, namely advertising, architecture, printing, design and multimedia.