1. Aim: How did the Tang and Song Dynasties rule China? Global History and Geography Regents Review Unit 2 Section 2

2. Big Ideas China has a strong government and a strictly ordered social structure The economy was strong There were great achievements in the arts and architecture China influenced other cultures, including that of Japan

3. Key Terms Tang Dynasty Tributary States Song Dynasty Gentry Calligraphy Pagoda Porcelain

4. Tang DynastySong Dynasty Ruled China from 618 to 907Ruled from 960 to 1279 First led by General Tang TaizongFirst led by General Zhao Kuangyin Capital at Xian (Changan)Capital at Xian Forced Vietnam, Korea, Tibet to be Tributary States. They were independent but had to send regular tribute payments to China Traded extensively with Vietnam, Korea, and Tibet Contact with Japan who studied Chinese culture and traded with the Tang. Contact with Japan as under Tang Reestablished Civil Service SystemContinued Civil Service System Pushed Education and followed Confucius Three classes of people; gentry, peasants, and merchants Three classes of people’ gentry, peasants, and merchants

6. GENTRY Wealthy Landowners Studied Confucian Ideas Some were Civil Servants Peasants Most of the people Farmers Lived in Small Villages Merchants Some very rich Lower status because wealth came from work of others Bought land and educated a son so he could join Gentry Women: Held authority within the home. Were allowed to manage finances, impose discipline on children, and supervise servants. Boys were valued over girls. When a girl married she became part of the husbands family and could never remarry.

7. Economic Achievements Land Reforms: Land was given to peasants who had to pay taxes to the government Trade: Flourished with trading partners; India, Persia, and the Middle East. Became expert shipbuilders and used paper money for trade. Canals: The Grand Canal linked the Huang He and Yangzi.

8. Literature and Arts Short stories and poetry Calligraphy which is fine writing Building of Pagoda’s which were temples with roofs that curved at the corners Porcelain which is a hard and shiny pottery

10. Japan Begins Adopting Chinese Ideas 600’s – 700’s800’s900’s – 1200’s Japanese study Chinese Civilization Emperor builds capital city modeled on Chinese Capital Japanese nobles adopt Chinese tea ceremony, music, dance, and gardens Japanese stop traveling to China Japanese keep some Chinese ways but build their own civilization Japanese artists develop their own styles Japanese change the Chinese system of writing