1.  Bones: Humerus (Major Upper Arm Bone), Radius (Lateral side of forearm), Ulna (Medial side of forearm)  Movements: Flexion (Biceps), Extension (Triceps), Supination & Pronation

3. Supination Pronation Flexion Extension

4.  Ligaments: Radial Collateral Ligament (RCL), Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL), Annular Ligament (Allows for Pronation/Supination)  Bursa: Olecranon Bursa

5.  One of the most frequently injured bursa  Occurs from an Acute hit or Overuse Injury  S/Sx: Pain, Lots of Swelling, Warmth, Crepitus (Cracking Feeling/Sound)  Tx: RICE, Compression Wrap to control swelling, Possible Aspiration (Draining) by physician, Padding

6.  The Muscles & Ligaments of the Elbow may be injured  Biceps, Triceps, RCL, UCL  Grades 1, 2, 3  Pain in the muscle or ligament, Swelling, Loss of ROM  Tx: RICE, Sling, Refer for X-Rays

7.  Tommy John Surgery  Tear of Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL)  Frequently happens to baseball pitchers

8.  EPICONDYLITIS  Occurs at the Epicondyles of the Humerus  Lateral Side : Tennis Elbow  Medial Side: Pitchers Elbow  Overuse Injury, from repeated wrist Flexion & Extension  Tennis, Golf, Throwing, etc.

9.  S/Sx: Pain over “Epicondyles”, Swelling, Pain during Movement  Tx: RICE, Sling, Ultrasound, Muscle Stimulation, Bracing, Rehab

10.  MOI: FOOSH, Hyperextension  Ulna, Radius, or Humerus Displaced  May move Anterior, Posterior, Lateral  Also involves tearing of muscles, tendons, ligaments

11.  S/Sx: Severe Pain, Disability, Loss of ROM  Tx: RICE, Sling, Ambulance or Hospital ASAP  Reduction by Physician, Surgery  Extensive Rehab

12.  One of the most common forearm fractures, involves the DISTAL radius  What’s “Distal”?  Causes: Usually FOOSH, forcing wrist into hyperextension  S/Sx: Pain, Deformity, Swelling  RICE, Sling or Splint, X-Rays, Surgery?

14.  Bones:  Phalanges (fingers)  Metacarpals (hand)  Carpals (wrist)  Carpals: Pity The Little Student, He Can’t Take Tests  Pisiform, Triquetral, Lunate, Scaphoid, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium

16.  Common in Sports  MOI: FOOSH, Forced Flexion or Extension  S/Sx: Pain, Swelling, Decreased ROM  Tx: RICE, Splint or Sling, X-Rays

17.  Scaphoid is one of the Carpal Bones  MOI: FOOSH  S/Sx: Similar Symptoms to Wrist Sprain; Pain, Swelling, Loss of ROM

18.  Symptom: Pain in the ANATOMICAL SNUFFBOX  The Scaphoid is located at the “bottom” of the snuffbox, pain in this area is a good sign of Scaphoid Fracture

19.  Treatment: RICE, Immobilization (Cast or Splint), X-Rays  Surgery may be needed on this if the blood flow is messed up by the fracture  If this bone is not getting the blood that it needs, NECROSIS may occur  Necrosis: Death of Tissue

20.  Hit to the distal finger  Fingernail may have a collection of blood underneath  Painful  Tx: Soak in cold or ice water to reduce swelling  May be drained by physician

21.  Caused by a Direct Hit to End of Finger  Common in Baseball/Softball  Causes a tear in the tendon that “straightens” or extends the tip of the finger  Pain, Swelling, Discoloration  Splint, Refer for X- Rays

22.  Phalange bone “popped” out of normal alignment  Splint, keep still, ice, take to doctor  Doctor can relocate finger and check for fracture