1. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 1 What’s Next in Learning Technology in Higher Education? May 2006 –Rob Abel –CEO, IMS Global Learning Consortium –office: +1.407.792.4164 –mobile: +1.407.687.7255 –skype: rob_abel –rabel@imsglobal.orgrabel@imsglobal.org –http://www.imsglobal.org/http://www.imsglobal.org

2. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 2 “Never make forecasts, especially about the future.” - Sam Goldwyn

3. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 3 Learning Objective Understand what is IMS and our role in supporting the education community Think about the evolution of learning technology in the larger context of key industry challenges and the industry landscape Consider what might be coming next in terms of mainstream learning applications in higher education Introduce Integrated Learning and other IMS initiatives

4. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 4 Agenda Background on IMS Global The education industry context The learning technology industry context What’s next? The coming of Integrated Learning

5. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 5 IMS Global Learning Consortium In service to the community of organizations and individuals enhancing learning worldwide IMS/GLC is a global, nonprofit, member organization that provides leadership in shaping and growing the learning industry through community development of standards, promotion of innovation, and research into best practices

6. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 6 IMS and the Global Tech Industry Investing in Learning Innovation

7. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 7 IMS and Global Education Leaders in Learning

8. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 8 IMS Global Learning Consortium Role Community of practitioners New affordable participation levels Facilitation of best practice and outcomes research

9. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 9 Groundbreaking Collaborative Research Online Learning Open Source Digital Content Vendor Satisfaction

10. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 10 Agenda Background on IMS Global The education industry context The learning technology industry context What’s next? The coming of Integrated Learning

11. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 11 “You've got to be very careful if you don't know where you're going, because you might not get there." – Yogi Berra

12. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 12 Impact of the University on Society SocietyInstitutions Create Influence

13. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 13 Evolution of Education in Society Pre-1700’sUnification with culture, religious affiliations 1700’sEnlightenment, liberation 1800’sLiteracy and industrialism 1900’sMass education and the nation-state 2000’s??? - Bransford: Adaptive expertise

14. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 14 U.S. Higher Education Challenges Today SymptomsWhat Has Changed? U.S. rank in % with college degrees declined from #1 to #7 No increase in % participation Stratification Severe capacity challenges in 20 states Graduation rates: flat for 30 years @ <60% with longer time to degree Cost: Price has risen at 2x the rate of inflation last 25 years Financing: Dramatic increases in student loans and debt burden 73% of college students today are “non-traditional” - with significantly lower completion rates Abel, R. J. (2005). What’s Next in Learning Technology in Higher Education. 2 (2). October, 2005. Lake Mary, FL: The Alliance for Higher Education Competitiveness, Inc. from http://www.a-hec.org/research/in-depth_articles/whats_next1005/ whats_next1005_toc.html

15. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 15 Summary of Education Industry Challenges Access to quality Scale Cost Adjusting to the explosion in knowledge Student achievement & success Lifelong learning Multicultural learning Institutional performance and accountability Perceived impact on society

16. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 16 Agenda Background on IMS Global The education industry context The learning technology industry context What’s next? The coming of Integrated Learning

17. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 17 What is Learning Technology? No widely accepted definition Used colloquially as “technology” that supports learning, including processes, specifications, etc. Also “Educational technology” For the purpose of this presentation: Tangible products or services that primarily support individual, cohort, or organizational learning transactions in the context of an integrated information technology infrastructure.

18. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 18 Product Landscape Course Management AssessmentDigital Content Search Interactivity & Rich Media Portals Classroom Capture Personalization & Accessibility ePortfoliosRepositories Portable Devices Adaptive Tutors Collaboration Environments Program Monitoring Student Monitoring

19. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 19 Lessons - Mainstream Successes? Ubiquitous networking infrastructure Course management systems (CMSs) as online communications hub Better online alternatives for distance learning

20. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 20 Lessons - Not there yet? (some examples) New forms of online digital content for studying Commercially driven student portals Faculty “course developers” (vs. course organizers) Use of third-party digital courses Aggregation of courses from multiple institutions High production value courses Smart classrooms significantly improving the teaching or learning experience

21. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 21 Purchasing Landscape Budget Allocations for Learning Solutions Still Lower Than Administrative Systems, But Growing Online Learning as A Key Strategy In Many Organizations Consolidation of Product and Service Organizations Open Source Initiatives: New Alternative

22. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 22 Satisfaction by Category Abel, R J. (2006). Best Practices in Internet-Supported Learning in Higher Education Study Trends and Vendor Satisfaction Update March 2006. March, 2006. Lake Mary, FL, The Alliance for Higher Education Competitiveness, Inc.

23. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 23 Satisfaction by Vendor/Product Abel, R J. (2006). Best Practices in Internet- Supported Learning in Higher Education Study Trends and Vendor Satisfaction Update March 2006. March, 2006. Lake Mary, FL, The Alliance for Higher Education Competitiveness, Inc.

24. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 24 Student Perceptions Data from survey of 152 students participating in Internet- supported learning study

25. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 25 Faculty, Staff, Admin Perceptions Data from survey of 126 Faculty, staff, and administrators participating in Internet- supported learning study

26. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 26 Influence of Open Source -1

27. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 27 Influence of Open Source -2

28. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 28 Influence of Open Source -3

29. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 29 Industry Factors - Synthesis Increasing student success requires integration across learning and administration systems This is being reflected in the growth of enterprise learning technology categories and proportion of expenditures While the future of open source is uncertain, it is important in its influence on innovation (focus on cost is counterproductive to industry development)

30. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 30 Agenda Background on IMS Global The education industry context The learning technology industry context What’s next? The coming of Integrated Learning

31. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 31 What is the role of technology in addressing the key industry challenges?

32. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 32 Impact of Learning Technology ChallengeLowMediumHigh Access to quality Scale Cost Adjusting to the explosion in knowledge Student achievement & success Lifelong learning Multicultural learning Institutional performance and accountability Perceived impact on society Today Potential

33. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 33 Why do some ideas and products make it to the mainstream while others do not?

34. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 34 Theories of Change - Crossing the Chasm Geoffrey Moore in his classic book, Crossing the Chasm, indicates that new technologies achieve adoption by mainstream users and markets where there is the highest “compelling reason to buy.” The value is so clear and the positioning against other alternatives is so favorable that it is a slam- dunk. Moore, G. A. (1991). Crossing the chasm : Marketing and selling technology products to mainstream customers. New York, N.Y.: Harper Business. Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York: Free Press.

35. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 35 Theories of Change - Managing in the Next Society Peter Drucker in his book, Managing in the Next Society, points out that in technological revolutions most of the changes are changes in how we do things, not what we do. Drucker, P. F. (2002). Managing in the next society (1st ed.). New York: St. Martin’s Press.

36. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 36 Theories of Change - Seeing What’s Next Clayton Christensen in his book, Seeing What’s Next, provides theories for understanding when truly disruptive innovations (as opposed to sustaining innovations) take hold, pointing to the important opportunity provided by “nonconsumers.” Nonconsumers are those that are the non-users of a product or product category. They are generally not using because the product is too complex or not offered in the right context. Christensen, C. M., Anthony, S. D., & Roth, E. A. (2004). Seeing what’s next : Using the theories of innovation to predict industry change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

37. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 37 Theories of Change - Synthesis There is an extremely compelling reason to adopt, meaning it’s almost hard to imagine life without it Enhances how the user does something they already do, but does not radically change what they do. It is particularly appealing to the nonusers - providing them an appealing approach to accomplish something they feel they probably need to do yet haven’t had an easy enough way to get it done

38. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 38 Predictions Abel, R. J. (2005). What’s Next in Learning Technology in Higher Education. A-HEC In- Depth 2 (2). October, 2005. Lake Mary, FL: The Alliance for Higher Education Competitiveness, Inc. from http://www.a- hec.org/research/in- depth_articles/whats_nex t1005/ whats_next1005_toc.html

39. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 39 Agenda Background on IMS Global The education industry context The learning technology industry context What’s next? The coming of Integrated Learning

40. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 40 What is Integrated Learning? Service-oriented architectures that expose learning functionality and data across the education enterprise Enables key business processes associated with learning: student service, learner performance assessment, assessment of institutional performance

41. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 41 IMS Initiatives Common Cartridge for Plug & Play Digital Course Content Rich Media Learning Applications and Systems Plug & Play Interface Between Learning Applications and Digital Repositories Learner Personalization & Accessibility From Smart Classrooms to Learning- Centered Campuses Enterprise Services for Integrated Learning Interoperability Among Open Source and Proprietary Applications Setting the “Gold Standard” for Online Learning and Academic Services Talent Management - Integration of Corporate HR Functions with Learning and Higher Education

42. © Copyright 2006 IMS/GLC All Rights Reserved. Page 42 Don’t Follow - Lead! Get involved in IMS best practice research: join the Learning Industry Leaders Forum (LILF) http://www.imsglobal.org/ Participate in IsL research: http://www.questionpro.com/akira/TakeSurvey?id=302729 http://www.questionpro.com/akira/TakeSurvey?id=302729 Attend annual Conference: June 19-22, hosted by Indiana U: