1. ESTIMATION PREPARED BY PROF. DR. LIAQAT ALI QURESHI DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING UET TAXILA

2. ESTIMATE An estimate of the cost of a construction job is the probable cost of that job as computed from plans and specifications.  For a good estimate the, actual cost of the proposed work after completion should not differ by more then 5 to 10 % from its approximate cost estimate, provided there are no unusual, unforeseen circumstances.

3. ESTIMATION Estimation is the scientific way of working out the approximate cost of an engineering project before execution of the work.  It is totally different from calculation of the exact cost after completion of the project.  Estimation requires a thorough Knowledge of the construction procedures and cost of materials & labour in addition to the skill, experience, foresight and good judgment.

4. NEED FOR ESTIMATE 1. It help to work out the approximate cost of the project in order to decide its feasibility with respect to the cost and to ensure the financial resources, it the proposal is approved. 2. Requirements of controlled materials, such as cement and steel can be estimated for making applications to the controlling authorities. 3. It is used for framing the tenders for the works and to check contractor’s work during and after the its execution for the purpose of making payments to the contractor. 4. From quantities of different items of work calculated in detailed estimation, resources are allocated to different activities of the project and ultimately their durations and whole planning and scheduling of the project is carried out.

5. SITE CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE OVERALL COST 1 = Each type of work requires a different method of construction. Construction may be of an ordinary house or office and it may also be of a Dam, Tunnel, Multistory building, Airport, Bridge, or a Road, already in operation. Each of these works requires totally different construction techniques, type of machinery, and formwork. 2 = Quality of labour and labour output varies in different localities. 3 = Weather conditions greatly affect the output and, hence, the overall cost.

6. SITE CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE OVERALL COST (-ctd-) 4. Ground conditions vary and change the method of construction. For example, excavation may be dry, wet, hard, soft, shallow or deep requiring different efforts. 5. The work may be in open ground such as fields or it may be in congested areas such as near or on the public roads, necessitating extensive watching, lightening, and controlling efforts, etc.

7. SITE CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE OVERALL COST (-ctd-) 6. The source of availability of a sufficient supply of materials of good quality is also a factor. 7. The availability of construction machinery also affects the method of construction. 8. Access to the site must be reasonable. If the access is poor, temporary roads may be constructed.

8. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF A GOOD ESTIMATOR In preparing an estimate, the Estimator must have good knowledge regarding the important rules of quantity surveying. In preparing an estimate, the Estimator must have good knowledge regarding the important rules of quantity surveying. He must thoroughly understand the drawings of the structure, for which he is going to prepare an estimate. He must thoroughly understand the drawings of the structure, for which he is going to prepare an estimate. He must also be clearly informed about the specifications showing nature and classes of works and the materials to be used because the rates at which various types of works can be executed depend upon its specifications. He must also be clearly informed about the specifications showing nature and classes of works and the materials to be used because the rates at which various types of works can be executed depend upon its specifications.

9. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF A GOOD ESTIMATOR (-ctd-) A good estimator of construction costs should possess the following capabilities, also:- 1 = A knowledge of the details of construction work. 2 = Experience in construction work. 3 = Having information regarding the materials required, machinery needed, overhead problems, and costs of all kinds. 4 = Good judgment with regard to different localities, different jobs and different workmen. 5 = Selection of a good method for preparing an estimate. 6 = Ability to be careful, thorough, hard working and accurate. 7 = Ability to collect, classify and evaluate data relating to estimation. 8 = Ability to visualize all the steps during the process of construction.

10. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF A GOOD ESTIMATOR (-ctd-)  Before preparing the estimate, the estimator should visit thesite and make a study of conditions, there. For example, if the construction of a large building is planned, the estimator or his representative should visit the site and: Note the location of the proposed building. Note the location of the proposed building. Get all data available regarding the soil. Get all data available regarding the soil. Make a sketch of the site showing all important details. Make a sketch of the site showing all important details. Obtain information concerning light, power, and water. Obtain information concerning light, power, and water. Secure information concerning banking facilities. Secure information concerning banking facilities. Note conditions of streets leading to railway yards and to material dealers, and Note conditions of streets leading to railway yards and to material dealers, and Investigate general efficiency of local workman. Investigate general efficiency of local workman.

11. TYPES OF ESTIMATES  There are two main types of estimates:- 1 = Rough cost estimate. 2 = Detailed estimate.  Depending upon the purpose of estimate, some types of detailed estimate are as follows:- a) Contractor's estimate b) Engineer's estimate c) Progress estimate

12. I = Rough cost estimate Estimation of cost before construction from plans or architectural drawings of the project scheme, when even detailed or structural design has not been carried out, is called Rough cost estimate. Estimation of cost before construction from plans or architectural drawings of the project scheme, when even detailed or structural design has not been carried out, is called Rough cost estimate. These estimates are used for obtaining Administrative Approval from the concerning Authorities. These estimates are used for obtaining Administrative Approval from the concerning Authorities. Sometimes, on the basis of rough cost estimates, a proposal may be dropped altogether. Sometimes, on the basis of rough cost estimates, a proposal may be dropped altogether.

13. Rough cost estimate (-ctd-) Unit cost is worked out for projects similar to the project under consideration carried out recently in nearly the same site conditions. Unit cost is worked out for projects similar to the project under consideration carried out recently in nearly the same site conditions. Unit cost means cost of execution of a unit quantity of the work. Unit cost means cost of execution of a unit quantity of the work.

14. Rough cost estimate (-ctd-) To find rough cost of any project, this worked average unit cost is multiplied with total quantity of the present work in the same units. To find rough cost of any project, this worked average unit cost is multiplied with total quantity of the present work in the same units. For example, in case of a building, plinth area (sq. ft.) of the proposed building is worked out, which is then multiplied by the cost per unit area (Rs. /ft 2 ) of similar building actually constructed in the near past in nearly the same site conditions, to find out the rough cost estimate of the building. For example, in case of a building, plinth area (sq. ft.) of the proposed building is worked out, which is then multiplied by the cost per unit area (Rs. /ft 2 ) of similar building actually constructed in the near past in nearly the same site conditions, to find out the rough cost estimate of the building. This cost is sometimes adjusted by the average percentage rise in the cost of materials and wages. This cost is sometimes adjusted by the average percentage rise in the cost of materials and wages.

15. Rough cost estimate  The rough cost estimate may be prepared on the following basis for different types of projects: 1. Cost per square foot of covered area (plinth area) is the most commonly adopted criterion for preparing rough cost estimate for most of the residential buildings. 2. For public buildings, cost. Per person (cost per capita) is used. For example, Students hostel———————-—cost per student Hospitals————————————Cost per bed Hotel—————————————Cost per Guest

16. Rough cost estimate (-ctd-) 3. Cost per cubic foot is particularly suitable for commercial offices, shopping centers, and factory buildings, etc. 4. For water tank/reservoir, cost may be worked out on the basis of capacity in gallons of water stored. 5. For roads and railways, cost may be found out per mile/kilometer of length. 6. For streets, cost may be per hundred feet/meters of length. 7. In case of bridges, cost per foot/meter of clear span may be calculated.

17. EXAMPLE  Calculate the total rough cost estimate and cost per Flat for a multi-storey (4-storeyed) block consisting of 40 residential flats. Other details are given in the table:

18. Sr. NoPORTIONAREA (sq. ft) UNIT COST (Rs./sq.ft.) Building Works Sanitory Works Electric Services Sui Gas Services 1Main Flat Area (i) Ground Floor (ii) Ist Floor (iii) 2nd Floor (iv) 3rd Floor 20030 1800 1500 1650 1800 130 100 60 2Park Area at G. Floor75,800800--------40------- 3Circulation Area in all 4 floors 19361050--------70------- 4Covered Shopping Area at G. Floor 920950--------70------- 5Attached Servant Quarters 21121150557040

19. Add the following costs as Lump Sum : 1- Road and Walkways = 15,00,000/- 2- Land Scapping = 12,00,000/- 3- External Sewerage = 7,00,000/- 4- External Water Supply, Overhead and Underground Water Tanks with pumping machinery for each set of Flats = 19,00,000/- 5- External Electricity = 3,00,000/- 6- Boundary Wall = 6,00,000/- 7- Miscellaneous unforeseen items = 8,00,000/- 8- Add 6 % development charges. 9- Add 3 % consultancy charges

20. DETAILED ESTIMATE Detailed estimates are prepared by carefully and separately calculating in detail the costs of various items of the work that constitute the whole project from the detailed working drawings after the design has been finalized. Detailed estimates are prepared by carefully and separately calculating in detail the costs of various items of the work that constitute the whole project from the detailed working drawings after the design has been finalized. The mistakes, if any, in the rough cost estimate are eliminated in the detailed estimate. The mistakes, if any, in the rough cost estimate are eliminated in the detailed estimate. Detailed estimates are submitted to the competent authorities for obtaining technical sanction. Detailed estimates are submitted to the competent authorities for obtaining technical sanction.

21. DETAILED ESTIMATE The whole project is sub-divided into different items of work or activities. The quantity for each item is then calculated separately from the drawings as accurately as possible. The procedure is known as "taking out of quantities". The whole project is sub-divided into different items of work or activities. The quantity for each item is then calculated separately from the drawings as accurately as possible. The procedure is known as "taking out of quantities". The quantities for each item may be estimated and shown in the pattern which is called "Bill of quantities." The quantities for each item may be estimated and shown in the pattern which is called "Bill of quantities." The unit, in which each item of the wok is to be calculated, should be according to the prevailing practice as followed in various departments of the country. The unit, in which each item of the wok is to be calculated, should be according to the prevailing practice as followed in various departments of the country.

22. BILL OF QUANTITIES Sr. No Description of item NoMeasurementsQuantityTotalQuantityRemarks LengthBreadthHeight

23. PRICED BILL OF QUANTITIES Sr. No. Description of Item UnitQuantityRateCostRemarks

24. DETAILED ESTIMATE Each item of the work is then multiplied by its estimated current rate calculated by a fixed procedure to find out cost of the item. Each item of the work is then multiplied by its estimated current rate calculated by a fixed procedure to find out cost of the item. At the end, a total of all items of the work are made to get the total estimated cost. At the end, a total of all items of the work are made to get the total estimated cost. The rates are usually as per Schedule of Rates for the locality plus a premium to allow for rise in labor and material rates over and above the schedule of rates. The rates are usually as per Schedule of Rates for the locality plus a premium to allow for rise in labor and material rates over and above the schedule of rates. A percentage, usually 5% is also provided on the total estimated cost for the work to allow for the possible contingencies due to unforeseen items or expenditure or other causes, besides 2% establishment charges. A percentage, usually 5% is also provided on the total estimated cost for the work to allow for the possible contingencies due to unforeseen items or expenditure or other causes, besides 2% establishment charges.

25. DETAILED ESTIMATE  Besides drawings and details of measurements and calculation of quantities (Bill of Quantities), the following documents are also usually submitted with the detailed estimate for obtaining Technical Sanction: 1. A report explaining History, necessity, scope and main features of the project, its design, and estimate, etc. 2. Specifications lying down the nature and class of work and material to be used in various parts of the work. 3. The abstract of cost (priced Bill of Quantities) showing the total quantities under each sub-head, rate per unit of measurement, and cost. 4. Calculation sheets showing calculations for important parts of the structure. In fact, in estimating the art and skill lies only in the computation of details without any omissions, of all parts of the building or work.

26. CLASSIFICATION DEPENDING UPON PURPOSE OF DETAILED ESTIMATE 1- CONTRACTOR ESTIMATE It is made by the contractor for determining the price or prices to be bid. It is usually a carefully prepared detailed estimate. 2- ENGINEER’S ESTIMATE This type of estimate is made by the Engineer (Consultant) usually for the purposes of financing the work and for checking bids and running bills submitted by contractors.

27. 3- PROGRESS ESTIMATES These are made by the Engineer at regular intervals for the completed parts of the project during the progress of the work for determining the amounts of partial payments to be made to the contractor. These are made by the Engineer at regular intervals for the completed parts of the project during the progress of the work for determining the amounts of partial payments to be made to the contractor. On large contracts, such estimates are commonly made each month and, hence, are frequently called monthly estimates. On large contracts, such estimates are commonly made each month and, hence, are frequently called monthly estimates.

28. UNFORESEEN ITEMS IN DETAILED ESTIMATE While preparing a detailed estimate, one had to be very careful to see that all items of the work are incorporated. While preparing a detailed estimate, one had to be very careful to see that all items of the work are incorporated. It is likely that a few Items, though unimportant in nature, might have been overlooked and which may result in raising the estimate of the project. It is likely that a few Items, though unimportant in nature, might have been overlooked and which may result in raising the estimate of the project. There may be also certain unforeseen circumstances affecting the project. There may be also certain unforeseen circumstances affecting the project. Hence, a certain allowance usually 5 to 10% of the total cost, is made in the estimation which will take care of all these items that are unforeseen or are overlooked and are known as "Contingencies". Hence, a certain allowance usually 5 to 10% of the total cost, is made in the estimation which will take care of all these items that are unforeseen or are overlooked and are known as "Contingencies".

29. METHODS OF DETAILED ESTIMATE The dimensions, length, breadth and height or depth are to be taken out from the working drawings (plan, elevation and section). The dimensions, length, breadth and height or depth are to be taken out from the working drawings (plan, elevation and section). Junctions of walls, corners and the meeting points of walls require special attention. Junctions of walls, corners and the meeting points of walls require special attention. For symmetrical footings, which is the usual case, earthwork in excavation in foundations, foundation concrete, brickwork in foundation and plinth, and brickwork in superstructure may be estimated by either of the two methods: For symmetrical footings, which is the usual case, earthwork in excavation in foundations, foundation concrete, brickwork in foundation and plinth, and brickwork in superstructure may be estimated by either of the two methods: (1) SEPARATE OR INDIVIDUAL WALL METHOD (2) CENTER LINE METHOD

30. SEPARATE OR INDIVIDUAL WALLS METHOD The walls running in one direction are termed as "long walls” and the walls running in the transverse direction, as "Short waLls", without keeping in mind which wall is lesser in length and which wall is greater in length. The walls running in one direction are termed as "long walls” and the walls running in the transverse direction, as "Short waLls", without keeping in mind which wall is lesser in length and which wall is greater in length. Lengths of long walls are measured or found "Out-to out" and those of short walls as "In- to-in". Lengths of long walls are measured or found "Out-to out" and those of short walls as "In- to-in". Different quantities are calculated by multiplying the length by the breadth and the height of the wall. Different quantities are calculated by multiplying the length by the breadth and the height of the wall. The same rule applies to the excavation in foundation, to concrete bed in foundation, D.P.C., masonry in foundation and super structure etc. The same rule applies to the excavation in foundation, to concrete bed in foundation, D.P.C., masonry in foundation and super structure etc.

31. SEPARATE OR INDIVIDUAL WALLS METHOD For symmetrical footing on either side, the center line remains same for super structure, foundation and plinth. So, the simple method is to find out the centre-to-centre lengths of long walls and short walls from the plan. For symmetrical footing on either side, the center line remains same for super structure, foundation and plinth. So, the simple method is to find out the centre-to-centre lengths of long walls and short walls from the plan. Long wall length out-to-out Long wall length out-to-out = Center to center length + half breadth on one Side + half breadth on other side. = Center to center length + one breadth Short wall length in-to-in = Center to Center length - one breadth. Short wall length in-to-in = Center to Center length - one breadth.

32. SEPARATE OR INDIVIDUAL WALLS METHOD This method can also be worked out in a quicker way., as follows:  For long walls First of all, find the length of the foundation trench of the long wall “out-to-out” in the same manner as explained above. First of all, find the length of the foundation trench of the long wall “out-to-out” in the same manner as explained above. The length of the foundation concrete is the same. The length of the foundation concrete is the same. For the length of the first footing or first step of the brick wall, subtract two offsets (2x6"=12") in foundation concrete from the length of the trench or concrete. For the length of the first footing or first step of the brick wall, subtract two offsets (2x6"=12") in foundation concrete from the length of the trench or concrete. For the second footing subtract from the length of the 1st footing two offsets (2x2.25"= 4.5"), for 3rd footing subtract from the length of the 2nd footing 2 offsets (4.5") and in this way deal with the long walls up to the super-structure. For the second footing subtract from the length of the 1st footing two offsets (2x2.25"= 4.5"), for 3rd footing subtract from the length of the 2nd footing 2 offsets (4.5") and in this way deal with the long walls up to the super-structure.  For short walls Follow he same method but instead of subtracting add two offsets to get the corresponding lengths in-to-in.

33. Foundation Trench 1 Breadth 2 2

34. CENTRE LINE METHOD In this method, total length of centre lines of walls, long and short, has to be found out. In this method, total length of centre lines of walls, long and short, has to be found out. Find the total length of centre lines of walls of same type, having same type of foundations and footings and then find the quantities by multiplying the total centre length by the respective breadth and the height. Find the total length of centre lines of walls of same type, having same type of foundations and footings and then find the quantities by multiplying the total centre length by the respective breadth and the height. In this method, the length will remain the same for excavation in foundations, for concrete in foundations, for all footings, and for superstructure (with slight difference when there are cross walls or number of junctions). In this method, the length will remain the same for excavation in foundations, for concrete in foundations, for all footings, and for superstructure (with slight difference when there are cross walls or number of junctions). This method is quicker but requires special attention and considerations at the junctions, meeting points of partition or cross walls. This method is quicker but requires special attention and considerations at the junctions, meeting points of partition or cross walls.

35. CENTRE LINE METHOD For rectangular, circular polygonal (hexagonal, octagonal etc) buildings having no inter or cross walls, this method is quite simple. For rectangular, circular polygonal (hexagonal, octagonal etc) buildings having no inter or cross walls, this method is quite simple. For buildings having cross or partition walls, for every junction, half breadth of the respective item or footing is to be deducted from the total centre length. For buildings having cross or partition walls, for every junction, half breadth of the respective item or footing is to be deducted from the total centre length. Thus in the case of a building with one partition wall or cross wall having two junctions, deduct one breadth of the respective item of work from the total centre length. Thus in the case of a building with one partition wall or cross wall having two junctions, deduct one breadth of the respective item of work from the total centre length.

37. CENTRE LINE METHOD For buildings having different types of walls, each set of walls shall have to be dealt separately. For buildings having different types of walls, each set of walls shall have to be dealt separately. Find the total centre length of all walls of one type and proceed in the same manner as described above. Similarly find the total centre length of walls of second type and deal this separately, and so on. Find the total centre length of all walls of one type and proceed in the same manner as described above. Similarly find the total centre length of walls of second type and deal this separately, and so on. Suppose the outer walls (main walls) are of A type and inner cross walls are of B type. Suppose the outer walls (main walls) are of A type and inner cross walls are of B type. Then all A type walls shall be taken jointly first, and then all B type walls shall be taken together separately. Then all A type walls shall be taken jointly first, and then all B type walls shall be taken together separately. In such cases, no deduction of any kind need be made for A type walls, but when B type walls are taken, for each junction deduction of half breadth of A type walls (main Walls) shall have to be made from the total centre length of B type walls. In such cases, no deduction of any kind need be made for A type walls, but when B type walls are taken, for each junction deduction of half breadth of A type walls (main Walls) shall have to be made from the total centre length of B type walls.

38. CENTRE LINE METHOD At corners of the building where two walls are meeting, no subtraction or addition is required. At corners of the building where two walls are meeting, no subtraction or addition is required. In the figure, the double cross-hatched areas marked P,Q,R, & S come twice, while blank areas, A,B,C, & D do not come at all, but these portions being equal in magnitude, we get the correct quantity. In the figure, the double cross-hatched areas marked P,Q,R, & S come twice, while blank areas, A,B,C, & D do not come at all, but these portions being equal in magnitude, we get the correct quantity.

40. DESCRIPTION AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT FOR COMMON ITEMS

41. 1 = SITE CLEARANCE WORKS This item is described in detail but the price of this item is usually indicated as lump sum (LS). This item is described in detail but the price of this item is usually indicated as lump sum (LS). The cost of this item is provided in the estimate by judgment, according to the description of the item and is indicated as Lump sum (L.S). The cost of this item is provided in the estimate by judgment, according to the description of the item and is indicated as Lump sum (L.S).

42. 2 = EXCAVATION FOR FOUNDATION TRENCHES Earthwork in excavation for foundation trenches is calculated by taking the dimensions of each trench as length X breadth X depth. Earthwork in excavation for foundation trenches is calculated by taking the dimensions of each trench as length X breadth X depth. It is measured in cubic ft, cubic yard or cubic meter, according to the prevailing practice. It is measured in cubic ft, cubic yard or cubic meter, according to the prevailing practice. The payment for this item is generally done as Rs. per hundred cubic ft. The payment for this item is generally done as Rs. per hundred cubic ft.

43. FILLING IN TRENCHES  Filling in trenches after the construction of foundation masonry is ordinary neglected. If the trench filling is, also taken in account, it may be calculated by deducing the volume of masonry in trenches from that of the volume of excavation.

44. 3 = FOUNDATION CONCRETE (P.C.C.) The type of concrete must be clearly mentioned. The mix proportions and the type of cement, sand and coarse aggregate must be specified. The type of concrete must be clearly mentioned. The mix proportions and the type of cement, sand and coarse aggregate must be specified. This item is measured in cubic ft and the unit for measurement is, generally Rs. per 100 cubic ft. This item is measured in cubic ft and the unit for measurement is, generally Rs. per 100 cubic ft. When the soil is soft or weak, one layer of dry bricks or stone soling is applied below the foundation concrete. The soling layer is computed in sq.ft (length X breadth), specifying the thickness in description of item. When the soil is soft or weak, one layer of dry bricks or stone soling is applied below the foundation concrete. The soling layer is computed in sq.ft (length X breadth), specifying the thickness in description of item.

45. 4 = BRICKWORK IN FOUNDATION UP TO PLINTH Care must be taken, while taking dimensions from the drawings in the bill of quantities because the walls in this part of the structure are in the form of steps with changing dimensions. Care must be taken, while taking dimensions from the drawings in the bill of quantities because the walls in this part of the structure are in the form of steps with changing dimensions. This item is calculated in cft and the unit for payment is Rs. per 100 cft. This item is calculated in cft and the unit for payment is Rs. per 100 cft. In the description of work, the quality of bricks and mortar ratio must be specified. For example, In the description of work, the quality of bricks and mortar ratio must be specified. For example, "Brickwork in foundation and plinth using first class bricks laid in (1:4) or (1:6) cement-sand (c/s) mortar———————“

46. 5 = BRICKWORK IN SUPER STRUCTURE Important considerations are: a = Measurements of walls shall be taken in the same order and in the same manner as for brickwork in foundations and plinth. b = In the first measurements, all openings such as doors, windows, veranda openings etc. shall be neglected. However, deductions shall be made for all openings in the walls, at the end of the item.

47. BRICKWORK IN SUPER STRUCTURE (ctd) c = In the description of the work, the quality of bricks and mortar ratio have to be specified. d = Masonry for arches shall be paid separately, at a different rate. e = The height of super structure is very important. Generally the quantities are worked out for each storey separately and rates would be different for different storeis because of additional labor work, scaffolding and shuttering. f = The item is worked out in cft and the standard unit for payment is Rs. Per 100 cft.

48. 6 = DAMP PROOF COURSE (D.P.C.) Horizontal D.P.C. shall extend the full width of the super structure walls, however, it shall not be provided across doorways and veranda openings. It is also provided in roof and floors. Horizontal D.P.C. shall extend the full width of the super structure walls, however, it shall not be provided across doorways and veranda openings. It is also provided in roof and floors. Vertical D.P.C. is provided in external walls, especially, in the walls of basements. Vertical D.P.C. is provided in external walls, especially, in the walls of basements. The quantity of D.P.C. is estimated in square ft.(on area basis) and standard unit for payment is Rs. per 100 sft. The quantity of D.P.C. is estimated in square ft.(on area basis) and standard unit for payment is Rs. per 100 sft.

49. 7 = ROOFING & RCC WORKS Area of the Roof slab is calculated by taking inside dimensions of the room plus a bearing of the roof slab on the walls, on all sides. Area of the Roof slab is calculated by taking inside dimensions of the room plus a bearing of the roof slab on the walls, on all sides. For R.C.C. Roof slabs and beams, the total quantities of concrete and steel are estimated, separately. For R.C.C. Roof slabs and beams, the total quantities of concrete and steel are estimated, separately. The quantity of plain concrete is estimated in cft and the standard unit for payment of concrete is Rs. per 100 cft. The quantity of plain concrete is estimated in cft and the standard unit for payment of concrete is Rs. per 100 cft. Volume of Reinforcing Steel is not deducted, while estimating the volume of plain concrete for payment. Volume of Reinforcing Steel is not deducted, while estimating the volume of plain concrete for payment. c = R.C.C. lintels over wall openings such as doors and windows are also included in R.C.C. work. c = R.C.C. lintels over wall openings such as doors and windows are also included in R.C.C. work.

50. ROOFING & RCC WORKS (ctd) Roof consisting of beams, battens, and tiles or wooden planks is estimated for each part, separately. Roof consisting of beams, battens, and tiles or wooden planks is estimated for each part, separately. Steel beam is estimated by weight, whereas, wooden beam is measured in cft. Battens are estimated by numbers indicating there size and lengths. Tiles are also estimated by size and numbers. Roof finishing may consist of bitumen coating and/or Polythene sheets (water proofing), earth filling (heat proofing) and brick tiles, etc. Roof finishing may consist of bitumen coating and/or Polythene sheets (water proofing), earth filling (heat proofing) and brick tiles, etc. Dimensions are taken from inner face to inner face of parapet walls. This item is estimated in sft and a composite rate for payment is taken as Rs. per 100 sft of the roof area.

51. 8 = REINFORCEMENT STEEL / GENERAL STEEL WORK Steel is provided separately from R.C.C. per ton, per Kg, or per cwt (standard weight also called Quintal or century weight equal to 112 Ibs = 50Kg). Steel is provided separately from R.C.C. per ton, per Kg, or per cwt (standard weight also called Quintal or century weight equal to 112 Ibs = 50Kg). Quantity of steel can either be worked out by rules of thumb practice or by intensive calculations taking the length and diameter of steel bars from the working drawings showing reinforcement details and bar-bending schedules. In taking length of bars, due margin of hooks, bends and overlapping is given Quantity of steel can either be worked out by rules of thumb practice or by intensive calculations taking the length and diameter of steel bars from the working drawings showing reinforcement details and bar-bending schedules. In taking length of bars, due margin of hooks, bends and overlapping is given

52. REINFORCEMENT STEEL / GENERAL STEEL WORK (-ctd-) As a Rule Of Thumb Practice, As a Rule Of Thumb Practice, for ordinary beams and slabs for residences, assume 6.75 Ibs of steel per cft of R.C.C. work. However, for R.C.C. columns, it varies from 8 to 10 Ibs per cft., because normally, we use 2% of steel in columns. Percentage of steel means, area of steel divided by total area of the column multiplied by 100 and 1% of steel in columns corresponds to a quantity of 4.5 Ibs/cft. Percentage of steel means, area of steel divided by total area of the column multiplied by 100 and 1% of steel in columns corresponds to a quantity of 4.5 Ibs/cft.

53. 9 = FLOORS Cement concrete floors. Mosaic floors, and brick floors are most commonly used. Cement concrete floors. Mosaic floors, and brick floors are most commonly used. Payments are made separately for different layers, like, topping, lean concrete, sand filling, earth filling, etc. Payments are made separately for different layers, like, topping, lean concrete, sand filling, earth filling, etc. Earth filling, sand filling and lean concrete are paid by volume, whereas, topping is paid on area basis, mentioning thickness in the description. Earth filling, sand filling and lean concrete are paid by volume, whereas, topping is paid on area basis, mentioning thickness in the description. Standard unit for payment of topping is, usually, Rs. per 100 sft. Standard unit for payment of topping is, usually, Rs. per 100 sft. The skirting is estimated in running ft. The skirting is estimated in running ft.

54. 10 = PLASTERING The type of plaster, proportioning of materials and minimum thickness of plaster have to be specified. The type of plaster, proportioning of materials and minimum thickness of plaster have to be specified. The quantity is calculated for total wall surface without deduction for openings such as doors windows, ventilators, etc. However, if the wall is being plastered on both the faces, the deductions for opening areas are made from one side only. The quantity is calculated for total wall surface without deduction for openings such as doors windows, ventilators, etc. However, if the wall is being plastered on both the faces, the deductions for opening areas are made from one side only. Standard unit for payment is Rs. per 100 sft. Standard unit for payment is Rs. per 100 sft. Height is also specified for plastering because, for greater heights, labor cost increases. The rate varies according to the number of the storey Height is also specified for plastering because, for greater heights, labor cost increases. The rate varies according to the number of the storey

55. 11 = WOODWORK/CARPENTRY The type of material used and the quantity of finish required should be clearly indicated in the description of the item. The type of material used and the quantity of finish required should be clearly indicated in the description of the item. The rate for any type of woodwork includes cutting of timber to required sizes, joinery work, fittings and fastenings, three coats of oil paints or varnish, bolts, locks, handles, etc. The rate for any type of woodwork includes cutting of timber to required sizes, joinery work, fittings and fastenings, three coats of oil paints or varnish, bolts, locks, handles, etc. The measurements are taken for the overall area of doors, windows, etc. If volume of timber required for these items is to be finding out, the computed area is multiplied with the nominal thickness and an allowance of 25% is made for wastage of timber. The measurements are taken for the overall area of doors, windows, etc. If volume of timber required for these items is to be finding out, the computed area is multiplied with the nominal thickness and an allowance of 25% is made for wastage of timber.

56. WOODWORK/CARPENTRY (-ctd-) Rectangular wooden beams, vertical columns, trusses, etc., are measured in cft. Rectangular wooden beams, vertical columns, trusses, etc., are measured in cft. Wooden stairs are measured in number of steps and description of the item includes the riser, tread, and width of the steps. Wooden stairs are measured in number of steps and description of the item includes the riser, tread, and width of the steps. Wooden shelves are measured in running ft (RFT). Wooden shelves are measured in running ft (RFT).

57. 12 = PLUMBING WORK/SANITARY FITTINGS For water supply and drainage works in a building, the pipe lines and sewer lines are measured in RFT, while other items are measured in numbers. For water supply and drainage works in a building, the pipe lines and sewer lines are measured in RFT, while other items are measured in numbers. These items include wash hand basins (W.H.B.), kitchen basins (which may be of glazed ceramic, mosaic, or stainless steel), water closets (W.C., which may be of European type, or local type), flushing tanks (also known as flushing cisterns), shower rose, and all type of water tapes. These items include wash hand basins (W.H.B.), kitchen basins (which may be of glazed ceramic, mosaic, or stainless steel), water closets (W.C., which may be of European type, or local type), flushing tanks (also known as flushing cisterns), shower rose, and all type of water tapes.

58. PLUMBING WORK/SANITARY FITTINGS (-ctd-) Within sewer lines, man holes or inspection chambers are to be provided at every corner and also at a distance, not exceeding every 50 ft inside the house and every 100 ft outside the house. Within sewer lines, man holes or inspection chambers are to be provided at every corner and also at a distance, not exceeding every 50 ft inside the house and every 100 ft outside the house. The size of man hole may be 2.5ft X 2,5ft for low depths and 3ft X 3ft, 4ft X 4ft or 5ft X 5ft for deep depths. The size of man hole may be 2.5ft X 2,5ft for low depths and 3ft X 3ft, 4ft X 4ft or 5ft X 5ft for deep depths. Drainage pipe lines outside the covered area but inside the boundary wall are, usually, of R.C.C. with minimum diameter 4 in, however, these are available in different sizes. Drainage pipe lines outside the covered area but inside the boundary wall are, usually, of R.C.C. with minimum diameter 4 in, however, these are available in different sizes. Inside the building, drainage pipe is, usually, of C.I. with minimum diameter 3 in. Inside the building, drainage pipe is, usually, of C.I. with minimum diameter 3 in. Water supply pipes are, usually, G.I. pipes., estimated in RFT in different dias. Water supply pipes are, usually, G.I. pipes., estimated in RFT in different dias. Other accessories, like sockets, elbows, tees, reducers, unions, etc., are estimated in numbers. Other accessories, like sockets, elbows, tees, reducers, unions, etc., are estimated in numbers.

59. 13 = ELECTRIC FITTINGS All the accessories used in electric fittings are described in detail and payment is done in numbers or RFT. All the accessories used in electric fittings are described in detail and payment is done in numbers or RFT. All wires and pipes are taken in RFT while other items are taken in No’s. All wires and pipes are taken in RFT while other items are taken in No’s.

60. SOME COMMON RELATIONS USED IN BUILDING ESTIMATES

61. 1- MORTARS (a)Cement-Sand Mortars 120 cft dry yields 100 cft wet (b) Lime-Sand Mortars 113 cft dry yields 100 cft wet (C) Cement-Lime-Sand Mortars 112 cft dry yields 100 cft wet (d) Dry mortar required for 100 sft of ½” thick cement plaster=6 cft

62. 2- CEMENT CONCRETE 154 cft dry yields 100 cft wet 3- BRICKWORK (a) 100 cft Brick masonaryBricks ------------1350 Dry Mortar ------- 30 cft Wet Mortar ------- 25 cft (b) 100 sft surface area using bricks on bed Bricks --------------360 Mortar ------------- 9 cft (b) 100 sft surface area using bricks on edge Bricks --------------540 Mortar ------------- 13 cft

63. 4- POINTING PER 1000 SFT AREA Ingredient1:11:21:3 Cement8 cft5 cft3.8 cft Sand8 cft10 cft11.4 cft 5- EARTHWORK Output of labor assuming one man working 8 hours per day with lift up to 5 ft or less TYPE OF SOILEXCAVATION PER DAY Medium Soil75 – 100 cft Hard / Stiff Soil50 – 75 cft Rocky Soil25 – 30 cft

64. 6- BITUMEN Bitumen for 100 sft of DPC (first coat)=15 Kg Bitumen for 100 sft of DPC (second coat) =10 Kg 7- CEMENT 1 Bag ------------- 50 Kg (Weight), 1.25 cft (Volume) 8- SPECIFIC WEIGHTS RCC --------------- 150 lbs / cft PCC --------------- 145 lbs / cft Aggregate ------- 166 lbs / cft

65. 9- TIMBER Timber for 100 sft of Panelled Doors and Windows=13 cft Timber for 100 sft of Glazed windows and Ventilators=8 cft 10- WHITE WASH Lime for 100 sft of white wash (one coat)=1.00 Kg

66. ESTIMATION OF A SIMPLE BUILDING

67. PLAN

68. FOUNDATIONS

69. SPECIFICATIONS Clear height of rooms: 12’ Clear height of rooms: 12’ Clear height of Verandah: 10’-0” Clear height of Verandah: 10’-0” Plinth level: 1’-6” Plinth level: 1’-6” Thickness of roof slab: 4” Thickness of roof slab: 4” Thickness of RCC shade: 3” Thickness of RCC shade: 3” Depth of RCC Beams in Verandah: 1’-6” below verandah slab Depth of RCC Beams in Verandah: 1’-6” below verandah slab Parapet wall: 1’-0” (Clear height above roof tiles) Parapet wall: 1’-0” (Clear height above roof tiles) Ventilators (4 No.): 2’-6” x 1’-6” Ventilators (4 No.): 2’-6” x 1’-6” RCC lintel: 6” in depth RCC lintel: 6” in depth Damp proof coarse: 1 ½”thick PCC (1:2:4) + 2 coats of hot bitumen + polythene sheet Damp proof coarse: 1 ½”thick PCC (1:2:4) + 2 coats of hot bitumen + polythene sheet Full foundation up to plinth level along verandah periphery is provided Full foundation up to plinth level along verandah periphery is provided Internal finishes: Three coats of white wash/distemper paint Internal finishes: Three coats of white wash/distemper paint External finishes: Three coats of Weather shield paint External finishes: Three coats of Weather shield paint

70. Center to Center Lengths L1 = (10’-0”) + (12’-0”) + (0’-4 ½”) + (0’-4 ½”) + (0’-4 ½”) = 23’-1 ½” L1 = (10’-0”) + (12’-0”) + (0’-4 ½”) + (0’-4 ½”) + (0’-4 ½”) = 23’-1 ½” S1& S2 = (12’-0”) + (0’-4 ½”) + (0’-4 ½”) = 12’-9” S1& S2 = (12’-0”) + (0’-4 ½”) + (0’-4 ½”) = 12’-9” S3 = (8’-0”) + (0’-4 ½”) - (0’-4 ½”) = 8’-0” S3 = (8’-0”) + (0’-4 ½”) - (0’-4 ½”) = 8’-0”

71. BILL OF QUANTITIES 1- CIVIL WORKS S. No Description of itemNoMeasurementQuantityTotal QuantityRemarks LengthBreadthDepth 1 Earthwork for excavation in foundation trenches L1325’-7 ½ // 2’-6”3’-6”224.22 cft672.66 cftL = 23’-1 ½”+2’-6” = 25’-7 ½” S1210’-3”2’-6”3’-6”89.69 cft179.38 cftL = 12’-9”-(2’-6)” = 10’-3” S2110’-3”2’-1 ½ ”3’-6”76.23 cft L = 12’-9”-(2’-6)” = 10’-3” S325’-6”2’-6”3’-6”48.13 cft96.25 cftL = 8’-0”-(2’-6)” = 5’-6” Total = 1024.52 cft

72. 2 Earth work in filing under floors Room No.1112’-0” 0’-6 ½ ”78.00 cft D = 1’-6”-(0’-11 ½”) = 6 1/2” Room No.2110’-0”12’-0”0’-6 ½ ”65.00 cft Veranda122’-4 ½ ”7’-3”0’-6 ½”87.87 cft L = 10’-0”+(0’-4 ½” )+(12’-0”) = 22’-4 ½” B = 8 ’-0”-(0’-9)”= 7’-3” Total =230.87 cft 3 P.C.C (1:4:8) in foundation using crushed or broken stones Length & Breadth same as for Foundation trenches (Item No. 1) L1325’-7 ½ ”2’-6”0’-6”32.00 cft96.00 cft S1210’-3”2’-6”0’-6”12.81 cft25.63 cft S2110’-32’-1 ½”0’-6”10.89 cft S325’-62’-6”0’-6”6.87 cft13.75 cft Total=146.27 cft

73. 4 Burnt brick work in foundation and plinth using first class bricks in (1:6) cements sand mortar. (a) L1 1 st step324’-7 ½ ”1’-6”0’-6”18.47 cft55.40 cft L = 23’-1 ½” +(1’-6”) = 24’-7 ½” 2 nd step324’-3”1’-1 ½ “0’-6”13.64 cft40.92 cft L = 23’-1 ½” +(1’-1 ½” ) = 24’-3” 3 rd step up to plinth level 323’-10 ½”0’-9”3’-4 ½”60.43 cft181.30 cft L = 23’-1 ½” +(0’-9”) = 23’-10 ½” D = 2’-0” +(1’-6”) –(0’-1 ½”) = 3’-4 ½” Total=277.62 cft (b) S1 1 st step211’-3”1’-6”0’-6”8.44 cft16.88 cft L = 12’-9”-(1’-6”) = 11’-3” 2 nd step211’-7 ½ ”1’-1 ½ ”0’-6”6.54 cft13.08 cft L = 12’-9”-( 1’-1 ½” ) = 11’-7 ½” 3 rd step up to plinth level 212’-0”0’-9”3’-4 ½ ”30.37 cft60.75 cft L = 12’-9”-( 0’-9”) = 12’-0” Total=90.71 cft

74. (c) S2 1 st step1 11’-3”1’-1 ½ ”0’-6” 6.33 cft L = 12’-9”-(1’-6 ”) = 11’-3” 2 nd step1 11’-7 ½ ”0’-9 ”0’-6” 4.36 cft L = 12’-9”-( 1’-1 ½” )= 11’-7 ½” 3 rd step up to plinth level 1 12’-0”0’-4 ½ ”3’-4 ½ ” 15.19 cft L = 12’-9”-( 0’-9”) = 12’-0” Total=25.88 cft (d)S3 1 st step2 6’-6”1’-6”0’-6” 4.87 cft9.75 cft L = 8’-0”-(1’6”) = 6’-6’ 2 nd step2 6’-10 ½ ”1’-1 ½”0’-6” 3.86 cft7.73 cft L = 8’-0”-(1’-1 ½” ) = 6’-10 ½” 3 rd step up to plinth level 2 7’-3”0’-9”3’-4 ½ ” 18.35 cft36.70 cft L = 8’-0”-(0’-9”) = 7’-3” Total=54.18 cft (e) steps in front of verandah 1 st step1 23’-10 ½”2’-0”0’-6” 23.88 cft L = 23’-1 ½” +(0’-4 ½” ) + (0’-4 ½” ) =23’-10 ½” 2 nd step1 23’-10 ½”1’-0”0’-6” 11.94 cft Total=35.82 cft G.Total=484.21 cft

75. 5 1-1/2” thick P.C.C (1:2:4) in DPC including two coats of hot bitumen & 2 layers of Polythene sheet Length & Breadth same as for plinth wall L1L1 223’-10 ½”0’-9”-17.9 sft35.81 sft S1S1 212’-0”0’-9”-9.00 sft18.00 sft S2S2 112’-0”0’-4 ½”-4.5 sft4.50 sft Verandah columns30’-9” -0.56 sft1.69 sft Total =60.00 sft Deduction of Door sills14’-0”0’-9”-3.00 sft 14’-0’0’-4 ½”-1.50 sft Total=4.50 sft Net Total =55.50 sft

76. 6 Brick work in super structure using first class bricks in (1:4) cement sand mortar Length & Breadth same as for plinth wall L1223’-10 ½”0’-9”13’-10 ½”248.45 cft496.90 cftH = 12’-0” (Room height) + 0’-4” ( Slab) + 0’-4’’ (Earth filling) + 0’-1”(Mud plaster) + 0’-1½” (Tiles) + 1’-0” (P. wall) = 13’-10½” S1212’-0”0’-9”13’-10 ½”124.87 cft249.75 cft S2112’-0”0’-4½ ”12’-0”54.00 cft No Parapet Walls Verandah columns30’-9” 8’-6”4.78 cft14.34 cftH=10’-0”- (1’-6”)=8’-6” Verandah parapet walls (i) L1123’-10 ½”0’-9”1’-6 ½”27.60 cft H = 0’-4” (Earth filling) + 0’- 1” (Mud plaster) + 0’-1½” (Tiles) + 1’-0” (P. walls) = 1’-6½” (ii) S327’-3”0’-9”1’-6 ½ ”8.38 cft16.76 cft Total=859.35 cft

77. Deduction Doors14’-0”0’-9”7’-0”21.00 cft 14’-0”0’-4 ½ ”7’-0”10.5 cft10.50 cft Windows34’-0”0’-9”4’-0”12.00 cft36.0 cft Ventilators42’-6”0’-9”1’--6”2.81 cft11.25 cft Shelves24’-0”0’-6”5’-0”10.00 cft20.00 cft RCC lintels over (i)doors15’-0”0’-9”0’-6’1.87 cft 15’-0”0’-4 ½ ”0’-6’0.93 cft (ii)Windows35’-0”0’-9”0’-6’1.87 cft5.62 cft (iii)Ventilators43’-6”0’-9”0’-6’1.31 cft5.25 cft (iv)Shelves25’-0”0’-9”0’-6’1.87 cft3.75 cft Total =116.18 cft Net Total = 743.17 cft

78. 7 Reinforced cement concrete (1:2:4) as in roof slab, lintels, columns, beams etc., (reinforcement will be measured separately) There is 4½” bearing of both slabs on all walls Roof slab of rooms 123’-1 ½”12’-9”0’-4”98.28 cft L = 10”-0” + 12’-0” + 0’-4½” + 0’-9” (2 bearings) = 23’-1½” B = 12’-0” + 0- 4½”(bearing) + 0’- 4½”(bearing) = 12’-9” Roof slab of Verandah 123’-10 ½ ”8’-4 ½ ”0’-4”66.65 cft B = 8’-0” + 0’-4½” (bearing) = 8’-4½” Verandah beam Long beam123’-1 0½”0’-9”1’-6”26.86 cft Short beam27’-7 ½ ”0’-9”1’-6”8.59 cft17.18 cftL=8’-0”-(0’-9”) + (0’- 4½”) = 7’-7½”

79. Lintels Doors15’-0”0’-9”0’-6’1.87 cft 15’-0”0’-4½ ”0’-6’0.93 cft Windows35’-0”0’-9”0’-6’1.87 cft5.62 cft Ventilators43’-6”0’-9”0’-6’1.31 cft5.25 cft Shelves25’-0”0’-9”0’-6’1.87 cft3.75 cft Shades25’-0”1’-6”0’-3”1.87 cft3.75 cft Total= 226.39 cft

80. 8Mild steel round bars as reinforcement including cutting, bending, binding and placing reinforcement in position 6.75 lbs/cft steel of 226.39 cft concrete =1528.13 lbs Total=1529.00 lbs 9Roof insulation comprising of 2 coats of hot bitumen, 4” thick earth filling, 1” thick mud plaster and 1- 1/2” thick brick tiles jointed and pointed in cement sand mortar (1:3) Rooms (1 & 2)122’-4 ½ ”12’-0”-268.50 sft 268.5 sftL = 10’-0”+ (12”-0”) + (0’-4½”) = 22’- 4-½” Verandah122’-4 ½ ”7’-3”-162.22 cft B = 8’- 0”- (0’-9”) = 7’-3” Total =430.72 sft

81. 10Sand under floors Room No.1110’-0”12’-0”0’-6”60.00 cft Room No.2112’-0” 0’-6”72.00 cft Verandah122’-4½ ”7’-3”0’-6”81.11 cft Total =213.11 cft 11Cement concrete (1:4:8) as under layer of floors Room No.1110’-0”12’-0”0’-4”40.00 cft Room No.2112’-0” 0’-4”48.00 cft Verandah122’-4 ½ ”7’-3”0’-4”54.07 cft Total =142.07 cft

82. 121-1/2” thick cement concrete (1:2:4) as top layer of floor, finished smooth Room No.1110’-0”12’-0”-120.00 sft Room No.2112’-0” -144.00 sft Verandah123’-10 ½”8’-0”-191.00 sft L = 10’-0” + (12’-0”) + (0’-4 ½ ”) + (0’-9”) + (0’-9”) = 23’-10 ½ ” Door sill 114’-0’0’-9”-3.00 sft Door sill 114’-0”0’-4 ½ ” -1.50sft Total=459.5 sft Deduction Columns30’-9” -0.56 sft1.68sft Net Total= 457.80 sft

83. 13 ½” thick (1:3) cement sand plaster to walls finished smooth Inner side Room No.1 (Long wall)212’-0”- 144.00 sft288.00 sft Room No.1(Short wall)210’-0”-12’-0”120.00 sft240.00 sft Room No.1 (Ceiling)110’-0”-12’-0”120.00 sft Room No.2 (Long wall)212’-0”- 144.00 sft288.00 sft Room No.2(Short wall)212’-0”- 144.00 sft288.00 sft Room No.2 (Ceiling)112’-0”- 144.00 sft Verandah wall123’-10 ½”-10’-0”238.75 sft L = (10’-0”) + (12’-0”) + (0’-4½ “) +(0’-9”)+ (0’-9”) = 23’-10 ½ “ Verandah ceiling122’-4 ½”-7’ –3”162.26 sft L = (10’-0”)+(12’-0”) +(0’-4 ½ “) = 22’-½“ Columns33’-0”-8’-6”25.50 sft76.5 sftL = (0’-9”) + (0’-9”) + (0’-9”) + (0’-9”) = 3’-0 ” Long beam (internal side) 122’-4 ½”-1’-6”33.55 sft Long beam (soffit)210’-9 ¾”-0’-9”8.10 sft16.21 sftL={(22’-4 ½”)-(0’-9”)}/2 =10’-9¾” Short beam (internal sides) 27’-3”-1’-6”10.87 sft21.74 sftL={(8’-0”)-(0’-9”)} = 7’-3” Short beam (soffit)27’-3”-0’-9”5.43 sft10.87 sft

84. Door jambs20’-9”-7’-0”5.25 sft10.50 sft 20’-4½”-7’-0”2.63 sft5.25 sft 10’-9”-4’-0”3.0 sft1.50 sft 10’-4½”-4’-0”1.50 sft3.00 sft Window jambs60’-9”-4’-0”3.00 sft18.00 sft 60’-9”-4’-0”3.00 sft18.00 sft Ventilator jambs80’-9”-2’-6”1.88 sft15.00 sft 80’-9”-1’-6”1.19 sft9.00 sft Shelves40’-6”-5’-0”2.5 sft10.00 sft 40’-6”-4’-0”2.0 sft8.00 sft Outer side Rear wall (From 6” below G.L. to Parapet walls) 123’-10 ½”- 15’- 10½” 379.00 sft H = (0’-6”) + (1’-6”) + (12’-0”) + (0’-4”) + (0’- 4’’) + (0’-1”) + (0’-1½”) + (1’-0”) = 15’-10½” Left & Right side wall 213’-6”- 15’- 10½” 214.32 sft 428.64 sft L= (12’-0”) + (0’-9”) + (0’-9”) = 13’-6” Front side (above verandah roof) 123’-10 ½”-3’-0”71.63 sft H = (12’-0”) + 0’-10½”) + (1’-0”) - (10’-10 ½” ) = 3’-0” Left & Right side plinth of verandah 28’-0”-2’-0”16.00 sft32.00 sftH = (1’ – 6’’) + (0’ – 6’’) = 2’ – 0’’

85. Parapet wall Inner side of rooms222’-4 ½”-1’-0”22.37 sft44.70 sft L = (10’-0”)+(12’- 0”)+(0’-4 ½ “) = 22’-4 ½ “ 212’-0”-1’-0”12.00 sft24.00 sft Inner side of Verandah 122’-4 ½”-1’-0”22.37 sft 27’-3 “-1’-0”7.25 sft14.50 sft Outer side of Verandah 123’-10 ½”- 3’- 4 ½” 67.66sft H = (1’-6”)+(0’- 4”)+(0’-6 ½”) + (1’- 0 “) = 3’-4 1/2 // 28’-0”-2’-10”22.67 sft45.33 sft Top of parapet wall (Rooms) 223’-10 ½”-0’-9”17.9 sft35.80 sft 212’-0”-0’-9”9.00 sft18.00 sft Top of parapet wall (Verandah) 123’-10 ½”-0’-9”17.90 sft 27’-3”-0’-9”5.43 sft10.87 sft

86. Steps Tread223’-10 ½”-1’-0”23.87 sft47.74 sft Riser323’-10 ½”-0’-6”11.93 sft35.80 sft Sides22’ – 00’’0’-6”1.00 sft2.00 sft 21’ – 00’’0’-6”0.5 sft1.00 sft Total=3316.07 sft Deduction Doors24’-0’-7’-0”28.00 sft56.00 sft Windows34’-0’-4’-0”16.00 sft48.00 sft Ventilators42’-6”-1’-6”3.75 sft15.00 sft Total=119.00 sft Net Total=3197.07 sft

87. 14 Wood work as in (i) 1 ½” thick wooden doors with chowkat,. 24’-0’-7’-0”28.00 sft56.00 sft Total =56.00 sft (ii) Glazed and gauzed windows and ventilators. 34’-0’-4’-0”16.00 sft48.00 sft 42’-6’-1’-6”3.75 sft15.00 sft Total =63.00 sft G.Total =119.00 sft 15 Three coats of painting to doors, windows and ventilators -----.(2 x Qty of item No.14) = 238.0 sft Total238.00 sft

88. 16 Three coats of distempering/ white washing to walls (Internal Side) Room No.1 (Long wall) 212’-0”- 144.00 sft288.00 sft Room No.1 (Short wall) 210’-0”-12’-0”120.00 sft240.00 sft Room No.1 (Ceiling)110’-0”-12’-0”120.00 sft Room No.2 (Long wall) 212’-0”- 144.00 sft288.00 sft Room No.2 (Short wall) 212’-0”- 144.00 sft288.00 sft Room No.2 (Ceiling)112’-0”- 144.00 sft Verandah wall123’-10 ½”-10’-0”238.75 sft Verandah Ceiling122’-4 ½”-7’ –3”162.26 sft Columns33’-0”-8’-6”25.50 sft76.50 sft Long beam (sides)122’-4 ½”-1’-6”33.55 sft Long beam (soffit)210’-9 ¾”-0’-9”8.10 sft16.21 sftL= {(22’-4 ½”)-(0’-9”)}/2 = 10’-9¾” Short beam (sides)27’-3”-1’-6”10.87 sft21.74 sft Short beam (soffit)27’-3”-0’-9”5.43 sft10.87 sft

89. Door jambs20’-9”-7’-0”5.25 sft10.50 sft 20’-4½”-7’-0”2.63 sft5.25 sft 10’-9”-4’-0”3.0 sft1.50 sft 10’-4½”-4’-0”1.50 sft3.00 sft Window jambs60’-9”-4’-0”3.00 sft18.00 sft 60’-9”-4’-0”3.00 sft18.00 sft Ventilator jambs80’-9”-2’-6”1.88 sft15.00 sft 80’-9”-1’-6”1.19 sft9.00 sft Shelves40’-6”-5’-0”2.5 sft10.00 sft 40’-6”-4’-0”2.0 sft10.00 sft Total =2017.16 sft Deduction Doors44’-0’-7’-0”28.00 sft112.00 sft Windows44’-0’-4’-0”16.00 sft64.00 sft Ventilators62’-6”-1’-6”3.75 sft22.50 sft Total=142.5 sft Net Total = 1874.66 sft

90. 17 Three coats of Weather shield paint to walls. (External side) Rear wall123’-10 ½”-15’-4½”367.07 sft H = H = ={(15’-10 ½”)- (0’-6”) = 15’-4 1/2” Left & Right side wall213’-6”-15’-4½”207.5 sft415.13 sft Front side (above verandah roof) 123’-10½”-3’-0”71.63 sft Left & Right side wall of verandah 28’-0”-2’-0”16.00 sft32.00 sft Parapet wall Inner side of rooms222’-4 ½”-1’-0”22.37 sft44.70 sft 212’-0”-1’-0”12.00 sft24.00 sft Inner side of Verandah 122’-4 ½”-1’-0”22.37 sft 27’-3”-1’-0”7.25 sft14.50 sft Outer side of Verandah 123’-10½”-2’-10½ ”67.66 sft 28’-0”-2’-10½ ”22.67 sft45.32 sft Top of parapet wall (Rooms) 223’-10 ½”-0’-9”17.9 sft35.80 sft 212’-0”-0’-9”9.00 sft18.00 sft Top of parapet wall (Rooms) 123’-10 ½”-0’-9”17.90 sft 27’-3”-0’-9”5.43 sft10.87 sft Total=1186.95 sft

91. Deduction Windows24’-0’-4’-0”16.00 sft32.00 sft Ventilators22’-6”-1’-6”3.75 sft7.50 sft Total=39.50 sft Net Total= 1147.45 sft

92. ABSTRACT OF QUANTITIES

93. 1- CALCULATIONS 1.Excavation in Medium soil Quantity from BOQ item No. 1 Output of one labourer working 8 hrs 04 labourers are required for 3 ½ days to excavate 1050 cft earth. ==== 1024.52 cft 75 cft

94. 2.PCC (1:4:8) Quantity of BOQ item No.3 (Foundations)=146.27 cft Quantity of BOQ item No.11 (Floors)=142.07 cft Total=288.34 cft Note: Dry material for 100 cft of cement concrete=154 cft Materials (i) Cement=154x1x288.34/(100x13)=34.15cft (ii) Sand=154x4x288.34/(100x13)=136.62 cft (iii) Coarse aggregate =154x8x288.34/(100x13)=273.25 cft

95. 3.Ist Class Burnt brick work in foundation in cement sand mortar (1:6) Quantity of BOQ item No.4=484.21 cft Note:Bricks for 100 cft of brick work=1350 Nos. Dry mortar for 100 cft of brik work=30 cft Material (i) Bricks=1350x484.21/100=6537 Nos. (ii) Cement=30x1x484.21/(7x100)=20.75 cft (iii) Sand=30x6x484.21/(7x100)=124.51cft

96. 4.1 ½” thick PCC (1:2:4) in DPC including two coats of hot bitumen & 2 sheets of Polythene. Quantity of BOQ item No.5=55.50x0.125=6.93 cft Note:(i) Dry material for 100 cft of cement concrete=154 cft (ii) Bitumen for 100 sft of DPC (first coat)=15 Kg (iii) Bitumen for 100 sft of DPC (second coat)=10 Kg Material (i) Cement=154x1x6.93/(100x7)=1.52 cft (ii) Sand=154x2x6.93/(100x7)=3.04 cft (iii) Coarse aggregate=154x4x6.93/(100x7)=6.09 cft (iv) Bitumen =25x55.50/100=13.87 Kg (v) Polythene Sheet (2 x 55.5)=111.0 sft

97. 5.Ist Class Burnt brick work in Super structure in cement sand mortar (1:4) Quantity of BOQ item No.6=743.17 cft Note: (i) Bricks for 100 cft of brick work=1350 Nos. (ii) Dry mortar for 100 cft of brik work=30 cft Material (i) Bricks=1350x743.17/100=10033 Nos. (ii) Cement=30x1x743.17/(5x100)=44.59 cft (iii) Sand=30x4x747.13/(5x100)=178.36 cft

98. 6.Reinforced cement concrete (1:2:4) Quantity of BOQ item No.7=226.39 cft Note:Dry material for 100 cft of cement concrete =154 cft Materials (i) Cement=154x1x226.39/(100x7)=49.80 cft (ii) Sand=154x2x226.39/(100x7)=99.61 cft (iii) Coarse aggregate =154x4x226.39/(100x7)=199.22 cft (Note: (iv) Mild steel round bars 1 Kg = 0.454 lbs) ==== 1529 lbs 693.55 Kg

99. 7.Roof insulation Quantity of BOQ item No.9=430.72 sft Note:(i) Brick tiles for 100 sft roof insulation=360 Nos. (ii) Dry mortar for 100 sft=9.00 cft (iii) Bitumen for 100 sft of DPC (first coat)=15 Kg (iv) Bitumen for 100 sft of DPC (second coat)=10 Kg Material (i) 1 ½” thick brick tiles=1551 Nos. (ii) Cement=9x1x430.72/(4x100)=9.69 cft (iii) Sand=9x4x430.72/(4x100)=29.07 cft (iv) Bitumen =430.72/100=107.68 Kg (v) Mud /Earth filling=430.72x0.42=180.90 cft (Vi) Polythene sheet (2 x 430.72)=862 sft

100. 8.Sand under floors Quantity of BOQ item No.10=213.11 cft Material Sand=213.11 cft 9.1 ½” thick cement concrete (1:2:4) in floors Quantity of BOQ item No.12=457.80x0.125=57.23 cft Note:(i) 1 ½” = 0.125 ft (ii) Dry material for 100 cft of cement concrete =154 cft Materials (i) Cement=154x1x57.23/(100x7)=12.59 cft (ii) Sand=154x2x57.23/(100x7)=25.18 cft (iii) Coarse aggregate =154x4x57.23/(100x7)=50.36 cft

101. 10. 1/2” thick cement plaster in cement sand mortar (1:3) Quantity of BOQ item No.13=3197.07 sft Note:Dry mortar for 100 sft of ½” thick cement plaster=6 cft Material (i) Cement=6x1x 3197.07/(4x100)=47.96 cft (ii) Sand=6x3x 3197.07/(4x100)=143.87 cft 11.Wood work in door, windows ventilators Quantity of BOQ item No.14 (i) Doors=56.00 sft Quantity of BOQ item No.14 (ii) Windows=63.00 sft Note:(i) Timber for 100 sft of Panelled Doors=13 cft (ii) Timber for 100 sft of Glazed windows and Ventilators=8 cft Material (i) Timber for doors =13x56/100=7.28 cft (ii) Timber for windows and Ventilators =8x63/100 =5.04 cft Total=13.32 cft

102. 12.White wash / Distemper Quantity of BOQ item No.16=1872.9 sft Note:Lime for 100 sft of white wash (one coat)=1.00 Kg Material Lime for three coats=1x3x1872.9/100=56.24 Kg 13.Weather Shield Quantity of BOQ item No.17=1143.45 sft 14.Earth filling under floors Quantity of BOQ item No.2=230.87 cft Material Earth for filling=230.87 cft

103. 2- SUMMARY S.No.Description of materialQuantity 1.Cement (From 2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10) 220.68 cft or 177 Bags 2.Sand (From 2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10) 740.26 cft 3.Coarse aggregate (From 2,4,6,9) 528.92 cft 4.Mild steel round bars (item No: 6)693.55 Kg 5Burnt bricks 1 st class (From 3,5) 16570 Nos. 61/2” thick Brick tiles (item No: 7)1551 Nos. 7Bitumen (From 4,7) 121.55 Kg 8Polythene sheet (From 4,7) 973 sft 9.Timber (item No: 11) 13.32 cft 10.Lime (item No: 12) 56.24 Kg 11.Mud/Earth filling (From 7,13) 411.77 cft