2. Anglo-Saxon Literary Devices.

3. REPETITION Repetition of a sound, syllable, word, phrase, line, stanza, or metrical pattern is a basic unifying device in all poetry. It may reinforce, supplement, or even substitute for meter, the other chief controlling factor in the arrangement of words into poetry.

4. KENNING A noun is renamed in a creative way using a compound word or a union of two separate words to combine ideas to become a metaphorical name for something, such as “sea-road” for ocean (30, line 239). Other examples: “bee wolf” (Beowulf) for bear “blood ember” for axe “slaughter dew” for blood “raven harvest” for corpse “brow stars” for eyes “blood swan” for raven “valley trout” for serpent “wave steed” for ship “blood icicle” for sword

5. ALLITERATION: the repetition of similar sounds, especially the initial consonant sound of a word or of a stressed syllable, such as “Shield’s strong son" (23, line 19). Alliteration is a literary device that was used frequently by Anglo- Saxons, and the translator has preserved as much of the alliteration as possible.