1. Towards sustainable aviation A view of the environmental NGOs Beatrice Schell Director T&E* Beatrice Schell Director T&E* T&E represents a coalition of international NGOs that have observer status in CAEP since 1998

2. International Coalition for Sustainable Aviation First international environmental coalition to have observer status in CAEP Environmental NGOs have participatory rights in all UN processes, e.g. climate change, CSD …

3. Our mission statement … … A structured international network of environmental NGOs who share a common concern with the problems of air quality, climate change and noise in relation to aviation, and are committed to developing and providing technical expertise and common policy strategies to the work of ICAO, with a view to reducing emissions and noise from the aviation sector.

4. Why did we get mobilised? IPCC findings: strong growth in aviation emissions Kyoto outcome: bunker fuels EU-wide developments (Amsterdam treaty, integration process,etc.) US: NOx discussions ICAO/CAEP developments on environmental issues

5. IPCC findings! Strong growth in emissions could jeopardise reductions elsewhere –CO 2, NO x, H 2 O, contrails, sulphate and soot = 3.5% of total radiative forcing by all anthropogenic activities –Total radiative forcing by 2050 4 to 15% Mitigation measures needed for all greenhouse gases! Charges and taxes, trading, modal shift, subsidies removal … … Technological (<50%) and operational (<18%) improvements alone will not be sufficient to offset the effects of increased emissions

6. Article 2.2 and decision 2/CP3 Conference of the parties: – Discussion on methodologies – Allocation? – ICAO secretariat report-back The Kyoto process

7. EU developments Principles Amsterdam Treaty articles 2 & 6 Integrate environmental objectives in all sectors Polluter/user pays De-linking transport and economic growth Facts Communiction on air transport and environment White Paper on Infrastructure Charging White Paper on Common Transport Policy European Climate Change Programme

8. US developments NO x standards Airport policies

9. Developments in CAEP/ICAO Market based measures will only achieve limitation/reduction in emissions if : –Targets –Enforcement and control mechanisms –World-wide –E.g.: emissions charge in the short term

10. Why emissions charges? No serious legal obstacles, easy to implement in the short term; Maximise technological improvement, optimise aircraft design / load factors, improve flight operations and reduce number of km flown; US$ 0.20 per litre of fuel => aviation emissions will double by 2025, rather than triple.

11. Reflection on developing nations Exempt for political reasons Responsibility lies ultimately with developed nations Revenues could be used to compensate economic sectors and countries that are affected

12. OUR RECOMMENDATIONS NO VOLUNTARY AGREEMENTS IN ICAO CHARGES IN THE SHORT TERM LONG TERM EXTENSION CHARGE AND/OR POSSIBLY DEVELOPMENT OF EMISSIONS TRADING SYSTEM IN ACCORDANCE WITH KP