1. Passive Transport
Chapter 5 Sec. 1

2. Passive Transport Cells must maintain Homeostasis
Passive Transport allows materials to cross the cell membrane without require energy

3. Diffusion
Moving from a high to a low concentration

4. Diffusion
Concentration gradient – difference between high and low areas

5. Diffusion
Driven by kinetic energy and kinetic theory

6. Diffusion
Equilibrium – concentration is the same throughout

7. Diffusion across cell membrane
Phospholipid bilayer – some materials will dissolve, some will enter through proteins

8. Osmosis
Osmosis – process of water going from an area of high to low concentration

9. Osmosis Solute – being dissolved
Solvent – doing the dissolving (water)

10. Osmosis Hypotonic – more water outside of the cell
Water diffuses into the cell so it will swell
Ex. Freshwater fish

11. Osmosis Hypertonic – more water inside the cell
Looses water (water diffuses into environment)
Ex. Saltwater fish

12. Osmosis
Isotonic – solute concentration is equal inside and out

13. Passive transport

14. Plant Cells Hypotonic – plant swells as it takes on water from roots
Hypertonic – plant shrivels as it looses water

15. Plant Cells
Osmotic pressure – pressure that builds inside cell due to osmosis

16. Plant Cells
Plasmolysis – cells shrink away from cell wall and begin to wilt

17. Animal Cells Lack cell wall or vacuoles
Basically will loose shape or burst
Cytolysis – bursting of a cell

18. Facilitated Diffusion
When molecules cannot diffuse across membrane easily
May not be soluble or may be too large

19. Facilitated Diffusion
Carrier proteins – specific proteins that allow these molecules to pass through cell membrane

20. Facilitated Diffusion
Move from high to low
Does not require energy

21. Facilitated Diffusion
Carrier protein binds to molecule
Protein changes shape

22. Facilitated Diffusion
Glucose is transported into cell this way.
Can move from outside in or inside out

23. Ion Channels
Ion – contains a charge
Na+, K+, Ca+2, Cl-

24. Ion Channels Specific channels for specific ions to cross membrane
Some are always open and some have “gates”
Chemicals and charges open gates