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Published byRichard Fisher Modified over 9 years ago
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Common Language-Related Difficulties of School Learners
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LANGUAGE DIFFICULTIES immediate & long-term adverse effects learners’ academic achievement psychosocial well-being
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spelling reading oral language composition reading comprehension verbal-analytical day-to-day lessons transactions/interactions with others
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Factors that cause/lead to language difficulties
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reading disabilities problems of articulation hearing delays (e.g., deafness) A. Genetic Factors B. Neurological Factors due to brain damage/injuries e.g., aphasia, cerebral palsy, deafness dysfunctions in sensory processing
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poor quality of teaching lack of home support and supervision peer pressure & influences ill-effects of media and “gadget” technology (e.g., PSP, Wii, MP4) inadequate and low-quality learning resources lack of conducive learning environment social-emotional climate C. Environmental Factors
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poor study habits and attitudes poor study skills: * does not complete/review notes * fails to outline lessons * does not organize his notebooks gets hyperactive & inattentive in class social-emotional and home-related problems D. Learner Factors
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physical-physiological impairments visual and auditory impairments vocal-mechanism impairments: * cleft palate E. Impairments
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Language-Related Difficulties of School Learners
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Oral Expression ☞ difficulties in speech * articulatory defects * developmental apraxia ☞ pragmatics * functional language use initial verbal abilities of young children
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☞ pragmatics * answering simple social questions * answering “Yes” / “No” * expressing needs * addressing familiar persons
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☞ verbal-analytical skills * logical reasoning * making social judgments * telling cause-and-effect relationships * reporting incidents * story telling
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Listening Comprehension Deficits in: ☞ aural receptivity & recognition ☞ auditory recall/memory ☞ auditory discrimination & association ☞ auditory sequencing
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Listening Comprehension Examples are difficulties in: *remembering commands heard *sequencing number & word series heard *comprehending dictated sentences and short selections *summarizing instructions heard
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Reading and Reading Comprehension Deficits in: ☞ letter recognition ☞ phonemic awareness/phonics ☞ phonemic reading & vocabulary delays including word definition
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Reading comprehension lags: ☞ inability to understand sentences, paragraphs & selections/texts * note details * sequence events * get the main ideas * make inferences * interpret specific passages * define words as used in context
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Spelling and Written Expression ☞ spelling errors ☞ delays in recognizing letters and numbers in print ☞ reversals
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Lags in: * visual processing including orientation * directionality * spatial relations * motoral delays- poor paper-pencil outputs writing from copy & dictation * composition while observing: use of punctuations & upper cases, syntax, grammar, coherence, spelling, legibility of handwriting
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☺ consult with teachers ☺ observe the learner ☺ fill up observation journals ☺ administer teacher-made diagnostic tests ☺ refer learner to appropriate specialists
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