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Measurement of a possible signal for nitrogen starvation in a cyanobacterium-plant symbiosis Jeff Elhai.

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Presentation on theme: "Measurement of a possible signal for nitrogen starvation in a cyanobacterium-plant symbiosis Jeff Elhai."— Presentation transcript:

1 Measurement of a possible signal for nitrogen starvation in a cyanobacterium-plant symbiosis
Jeff Elhai

2 World Population

3 Green Revolution NH3 Conventional wheat High yield dwarf wheat NH3

4 Chemical Fertilizer Production
$100's of $billions / year N2 NH3 Chemical production of NH3 8 fold Fixan PE, West FB (2002) Ambio 31:

5 Downstream effects of fertilizer runnoff
$100's of $billions / year N2 NH3 Dead Zones Low oxygen High oxygen What to do? NASA Visible Earth

6 + Biological Fertilizer Production N2 NH3 Free and Clean
$100's of $billions / year N2 NH3 Plant Symbiont Cyanobacterial Symbiont Nostoc punctiforme + N2 NH3 Anthoceros (bryophyte)

7 Biological Fertilizer Production Cyanobacterial Symbiont
Free and Clean $100's of $billions / year N2 NH3 Plant Symbiont Cyanobacterial Symbiont Nostoc punctiforme + N2 NH3 Cycads (gymnosperm)

8 Biological Fertilizer Production Cyanobacterial Symbiont
Free and Clean $100's of $billions / year N2 NH3 Plant Symbiont Cyanobacterial Symbiont Nostoc punctiforme Gunnera (angiosperm) + N2 NH3

9 Biological Fertilizer Production Cyanobacterial Symbiont
Free and Clean $100's of $billions / year N2 NH3 But not Cyanobacterial Symbiont Nostoc punctiforme + N2 NH3 Why not crop plants?

10 How do symbiotic plants differ from others?
A clue from free-living Nostoc? Plenty of Nitrogen Starving for Nitrogen N2 NH3 N2 NH3 NH3 NH3

11 How does NH3 shut off N-fixation?

12 How does NH3 shut off N-fixation?
α-ketoglutarate Glutamine Glutamate + AMINO ACIDS Glutamate N2 NH3

13 How does NH3 shut off N-fixation?
α-ketoglutarate α-ketoglutarate Glutamine Glutamine Glutamate + AMINO ACIDS Glutamate N2 NH3

14 How does NH3 shut off N-fixation?
Could plants use this to fool Nostoc? α-ketoglutarate Glutamine Glutamine Glutamate + AMINO ACIDS Glutamate N2 NH3

15 How does NH3 shut off N-fixation?
Could plants use this to fool Nostoc? α-ketoglutarate Does Nostoc within plants have a high level of α-ketoglutarate?

16 How to measure α-ketoglutarate inside cells?
The hydromedusa Aequoria victoria Source of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Cyano Fluorescent Protein (CFP) Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP)

17 How to measure α-ketoglutarate inside cells?
The hydromedusa Aequoria victoria Source of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Cyano Fluorescent Protein (CFP) Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP)

18 How to measure α-ketoglutarate inside cells?
CFP YFP

19 How to measure α-ketoglutarate inside cells?
CFP YFP Yellow fluorescence α-ketoglutarate Blue fluorescence

20 How to measure α-ketoglutarate inside cells?
CFP YFP Yellow fluorescence α-ketoglutarate Blue fluorescence

21 How does NH3 shut off N-fixation?
Could plants use this to fool Nostoc? α-ketoglutarate Does Nostoc within plants have a high level of α-ketoglutarate?

22 How does NH3 shut off N-fixation?
Could crop plants do the same? α-ketoglutarate Does Nostoc within plants have a high level of α-ketoglutarate?

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