1. BLOOD DISORDERS

2. ANEMIA- a condition in which you don't have enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your tissues

3. Iron Deficiency Anemia
Inadequate amounts of iron to form hemoglobin in
the red blood cells
Causes
insufficient iron in the diet
poor absorption of iron by the body
ongoing blood loss, most commonly from menstruation or from gradual blood loss in the intestinal tract
periods of rapid growth
TX-
Iron Supplements
Increasing iron in your diet (green leefy vegetables)

4. Aplastic Anemia
Aplastic Anemia – bone marrow does not produce enough RBC
Causes:
Chemotherapy and radiation
toxic chemicals
Virus
Some rheumatoid arthritis medications and even some medications
Idiopathic

5. Pernicious anemia
A decrease in red blood cells that occurs when the intestines cannot properly absorb vitamin B12. Causes A special protein, called intrinsic factor (IF), helps your intestines absorb vitamin B12. This protein is released by cells in the stomach. When the stomach does not make enough intrinsic factor, the intestine cannot properly absorb vitamin B12.

6. Aplastic Anemia
TX: Blood transfusions Eliminating the cause Bone marrow transplant Frequently FATAL!

7. Pernicious Anemia
Treatment Vitamin B12 injections once a month Vitamin B12 absorbed in the mouth Vitamin B12 given through the nose

8. Hemorrhagic Anemia
A type of anemia caused from heavy blood loss due to bleeding somewhere in the body.
Causes
Large blood loss in life-threatening situation such as traumatic injury, massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage, such as ulcers, hemorrhoids, gastritis (inflammation of the stomach) and cancer.
Treatment
stop bleeding (both internally and externally)
IV saline, plasma or albumins
Possible blood transfusions for large amounts of blood loss.

9. Leukemia Type of cancer Overproduction of immature white blood cells
They take the place of RBCs
Treatable with bone marrow transplants, chemothemotherapy, radiation

10. Blood Smear of a patient with Leukemia
Normal blood smear

11. Blood Smear; Leukemia

12. St. Jude Hospital
Leukemia is one of the most common childhood cancers. It occurs when large numbers of abnormal white blood cells fill the bone marrow and sometimes enter the bloodstream.
Because these abnormal blood cells are defective, they don't help protect the body against infection the way normal white blood cells do. And because they grow uncontrollably, they take over the bone marrow and interfere with the body's production of other important types of cells in the bloodstream, like red blood cells (which carry oxygen) and platelets (which help blood to clot).

13. Infectious mononucleosis
sometimes called "mono" or "the kissing disease," is an infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
EBV is very common, and many people have been exposed to the virus at some time in childhood.
What white blood cell do you think would be elevated with MONO

14. Blood poisoning - Septicemia
An infection enters the blood stream
Can be deadly
Treated with antibiotics (usually IV antibiotics to start)

15. SICKLE CELL ANEMIA Genetic Disorder Abnormally shaped blood cells
Parents can be carriers (asymptomatic)
Common in African American, Hispanics an
and Mediterranean dissent

16. Sickle Cell Anemia is actually codominant
AA = normal
Aa = sickle cell trait (few symptoms) aa = sickle cell anemia

18. If both parents are carriers, child has a ¼ chance of having the disease

19. Complications
Pain
Lethargy
Lifelong anemia (low red blood count)
Organ failure
Stroke
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes). It occurs because the rapid breakdown of abnormal red blood cells leads to a build-up of a waste product in the body called bilirubin

20. Treatments There is no cure for Sickle cell
Treatment is aimed at relieving pain, preventing infections and organ damage.
Some may be cured with bone marrow and stem cell transplants but it is risky and more research is being done.
Video

21. HEMOPHILIA This disorder causes a failure of the blood to clot
Patients can be treated with blood transfusions that include clotting agents.

22. Hemophilia is carried on the X chromosome
Females X H X H normal
X H X h carrier
X h X h hemophiliac
Males X H Y normal
X h Y hemophiliac

24. Research
Research what clotting factors are missing with the different forms of hemophilia.
Symptoms
Treatments
Prognosis
What diseases could they be susceptible too and why?
What is thrombocytopenia?
What vitamin may doctors prescribe before surgery to help our blood clot? Why?
What is a normal WBC count and What WBC Counts do we see with leukemia?