1. Genève & Académie de Grenoble Teachers Programme 06 December 2012 International Masterclasses 2013 Presentation courtesy of: Uta Bilow (Technical University of Dresden)

2. 2 Concept Students are in the position of a scientist Students are guided by a Master (lecturer or PhD student) Students form international collaboration Learn about fundamental subatomic particles and interactions, detectors, accelerators Active investigation: Measurements with real data from scientific experiments (ALICE, ATLAS, CMS)

3. 3 Motivation Make modern particle physics data available to students Let students explore fundamental forces and building blocks of nature Inform students about big questions/potential discoveries in Particle Physics Demonstrate the scientific research process Stimulate interest in science (proven in refereed evaluation Physics Education 42 (2007) 636-644 )  Topics of fundamental research in science are interesting  Results of HEP research are relevant as cultural knowledge of mankind

4. 4 Creating an International Collaboration Video Conference (Int. MC only) www.physicsmasterclasses.org/index.php?cat=schedule

5. 5 Worldwide Participation New countries: Romania Turkey Cyprus Palestine Egypt India  37 countries!

6. Registration (so far) Period: 25.2. – 22.3.2013 (22 days) (21 in 2012) 158 Masterclasses (143) –ALICE: 10 (13) –ATLAS W: 50 (42) –ATLAS Z: 58 (53) –CMS: 40 (35) 36 video conferences with CERN (36), with 2-5 institutes 129 institutes registered (117) + local masterclasses, teachers´ days + U.S. program  talk by Ken

7. 7 Sample Agenda Int. MCs LOCAL TIME:ACTIVITY: 8:30 - 9:00registration & welcome 9:00 - 10:00introduction to Particle Physics 10:30 - 11:30second talk or tour 12:00 - 13:00lunch with tutors 13:00 - 15:00data analysis, including introduction 15:00 - 16:00local combination and discussion 16:00 - 17:00video conference with CERN

8. 8 Learn to identify particles 8 Onion-like detectors Characteristic pattern for each particle type

9. 9 Follow up closely, what the scientists are doing –Exploit known Standard Model Processes, e.g. W+/W- ratio corresponding to (uud) quarks in proton Create mass peaks of J/Psi and Z –Discover new particles Higgs  WW Extra Z Bosons –Options to do more than counting Data quality investigations Measurement of distributions in mass, angle etc. Masterclasses with LHC data

10. 10 Students’ results 1 10 ATLAS W-path measurement W charge asymmetry and structure of proton –Measure W + /W - charge ratio Search for Higgs: H  WW  l l –Measure angle between leptons Minerva event displayMinerva –Histogram plotting –Online spreadsheets EditGridEditGrid 6000 events –W-events –High-pT electron or muon –Missing transverse energy –Background (jets, Z, top, …) –250 simulated WW Link to W-path Demonstrator

11. 11 Students’ results 2 11 ATLAS W-path results W+/W- ratio Proton = uud (+sea of quarks-antiquarks) ΔΦ distribution between leptons in pp  WW+X  lnln +X pp  H+X  WW+X  lnln +X

12. 12 Students’ results 1 ATLAS Z-path measurement Invariant mass as a tool to identify known short-lived particles and discover new ones Hypatia event displayHypatia –Identify particle and events –Select di-lepton events –Calculate invariant mass J/Ψ, Y, Z (data) and Z’ (MC) Discussion –Mass, width, invariant mass concept –Comparison with ATLAS published results 10000 real data events –5000 Z-events (High-pT electrons or muons) –Other events (DY, W, QCD, J/Ψ, Y) –1000 simulated Z’(1TeV)  ll Link to Z-path Demonstrator

13. 13 ATLAS Z-path results J/ΨY Z Z‘ Standard Model rediscovery at LHC with invariant mass technique students have (re)discovered the J/Ψ, Y and Z the Z’ signal at 1 TeV is Monte Carlo simulated!

14. 14 CMS measurement Distinguish between Z and W bosons –W + /W -, e/  ratios –Z-mass –Unexpected particles (J/  iSpy online 3D event displayiSpy online 1900 Events: –W and Z, Background, “Mystery” events 2-12 GeV –Students sort events by: Lepton flavor (e or  ). Candidacy (W or Z). Charge (W+ or W-). Link to CMS measurement

15. 15 ALICE measurement Proton-proton data V 0 finder and cascade finder Recognize from decay pattern –K 0 s,,  Anti- Λ, Calculate invariant mass –Classify according to mass, fill tables & histograms Compare with Monte Carlo: Production of strangeness under-predicted in the MC (agrees with ALICE paper) –strangeness enhancement as a telltale signal of Quark Gluon Plasma Link to ALICE measurement

16. 16 ALICE 2012 – strange particles Analyze big event sample (2000 events) Invariant mass histograms for K s, , anti-  Fit 2 nd degree polynomial to background + Gaussian to peak Get number of K s, , anti-  after background subtraction Introduced later Sample with 21000 pp events Sample of 1500 PbPb events

17. 17 E-learning Platforms and Tools used ATLAS –Minerva (M. Wielers, P. Watkins, T. McLaughlan et al) http://atlas-minerva.web.cern.ch http://atlas-minerva.web.cern.ch –Hypatia (C. Kourkoumelis et al.) http://hypatia.phys.uoa.gr http://hypatia.phys.uoa.gr –Under construction: Camelia (M. Barnett, J. Pequenao) http://amelia.sourceforge.net http://amelia.sourceforge.net CMS –iSpy online (M. Hategan, K. Cecire et al.) in collaboration with Quarknet (US) www12.i2u2.org/elab/cms/event-display www12.i2u2.org/elab/cms/event-display ALICE –ALICE measurement (P. Debski, Y. Foka et al.) http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/static/Pictures/pictures_High_Re solution/MasterClassWebpage.html http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/static/Pictures/pictures_High_Re solution/MasterClassWebpage.html

18. 18 Participation in Int. MCs Growing participation Also more local Masterclasses in the future

19. 19 Refereed evaluation in Physics Education 42 (2007) 636-644  severity: just right !  success independent of a-priori knowledge and gender ! 2 more scientific evaluations are currently in process! Konrad Jende: ATLAS W-path in Int. MCs Kerstin Gedigk: Netzwerk Teilchenwelt (local MCs in Germany)

20. 20 Most important correlation  Understanding the scientific research process generates interest in (especially modern) physics !