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WELCOME SHRI A. MANGLIK TO EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE
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PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
GRID OPERATION – AN OVERVIEW GRID OPERATION – TYPICAL ISSUES IN THE PAST GRID OPERATION - PRESENT STATUS OPEN ACCESS – REGULATIONS BY CERC SHORT TERM OPEN ACCESS – EXPERIENCE SO FAR SHORT TERM OPEN ACCESS – CASE STUDIES OPEN ACCESS – CHALLENGES AND TASKS AHEAD 400 MU CONS IN A DAY-1.5% IS 6 MU, 2190 MU IN A YEAR, 2/UNIT IS 4400 MILLION RUPEES IS 440 CRORE RUPEES
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THANK YOU
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REGIONAL GRIDS QUICK FACTS
400 MU CONS IN A DAY-1.5% IS 6 MU, 2190 MU IN A YEAR, 2/UNIT IS 4400 MILLION RUPEES IS 440 CRORE RUPEES
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REGIONAL GRIDS INSTALLED CAPACITY TOTAL 1,20,812 MW
NORTHERN :- 33,782 MW EASTERN :- 16,681 MW SOUTHERN :- 34,743 MW WESTERN :- 33,162 MW NORTH-EASTERN :- 2,444 MW TOTAL ,20,812 MW NORTHERN REGION NORTH-EASTERN REGION EASTERN REGION WESTERNREGION SOUTHERN REGION
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SOUTHERN REGION WESTERNREGION EASTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH-EASTERN REGION ‘ ELECTRICAL’ REGIONS 1 2 3 TALA PROJECT-LARGE CENTRAL GRID ARUNACHAL TO GUJARAT ON SAME FREQ SAME FREQUENCY FROM GUJARAT TO ARUNACHAL PRADESH WITH EFFECT FROM MARCH 2003 ABOUT 2800 KMS! APART
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‘ELECTRICAL’ REGIONS NORTHERN REGION 1 NORTH-EASTERN REGION EASTERN REGION TALA PROJECT-LARGE CENTRAL GRID ARUNACHAL TO GUJARAT ON SAME FREQ WESTERNREGION 2 SOUTHERN REGION WITH THE COMMISSIONING OF THE TALA PROJECT CONNECTING THE EASTERN AND NORTHERN GRIDS, INDIA WILL HAVE ONLY TWO GRIDS
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Growth of installed capacity for electricity in India
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Source-wise composition of installed capacity in India (1,20,812 in 2005)
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SOUTHERN REGION – GEOGRAPHY
ANDHRA PRADESH TAMIL NADU KARNATAKA KERALA TALA PROJECT-LARGE CENTRAL GRID ARUNACHAL TO GUJARAT ON SAME FREQ POPULATION : CRORES ( 22% OF INDIA) AREA :- 651 (‘000 SQ KM)(19% OF INDIA) INSTALLED CAPACITY:- 33,162 MW(27.6%) WEATHER :- South-west monsoon North-east monsoon SEA COAST :- AROUND 4000 KM
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GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR
IN MW Average Growth ~ 5 %
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INSTALLED CAPACITY IN SR as on 30-11-05
STATES HYDRO THERMAL NUCLEAR DIESEL/GAS WIND/IPP OTHERS TOTAL % AP 3586 2963 272 2 6823 21% KAR 3387 1470 128 5 4989 15% KER 1831 235 2068 6% TN 2137 2970 423 19 5550 16% C.S 8090 830 360 9280 28% IPP 278 387 2684 1071 4421 13% 11219 15880 4133 721 377 33162 34% 48% 3% 12% 2% 1% The above capacity does not includes --- About 1342 MW of Wind Mill Capacity in Tamil Nadu. Micro and Captive plants in different states.
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SOURCE-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR
IN MW OTHERS WIND NUCLEAR HYDRO GAS THERMAL 33,162 MW
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GENERATING UNITS IN SOUTHERN REGION
UNIT CAPACITY AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL THERMAL (500 MW) 2 8 10 THERMAL ( MW) 7 13 15 45 GAS/THERMAL ( MW) 9 3 24 HYDRO (>50 MW) 27 16 85 48 36 19 38 164 A.P TYPICAL GENERATOR SPREAD IN SR KAR - HYDRO - THERMAL KER TN GENERATORS ABOVE 1000 MW - GAS / NAPTHA GENERATORS 500 – 1000 MW - NUCLEAR GENERATORS BELOW 500 MW
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TYPICAL LOAD SPREAD IN SR
LOAD MW LOAD MW
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TYPICAL LOAD CURVE OF SR
SUMMER EVENING PEAK WINTER MONSOON WEATHER RESERVOIR CONSUMPTION
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GRID OPERATION TYPICAL ISSUES IN THE PAST
400 MU CONS IN A DAY-1.5% IS 6 MU, 2190 MU IN A YEAR, 2/UNIT IS 4400 MILLION RUPEES IS 440 CRORE RUPEES
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GRID OPERATION – TYPICAL ISSUES IN PAST
LOW / HIGH FREQUENCY PROBLEMS FREQUENCY EXCURSES TO LOW/HIGH VALUES LOW / HIGH VOLTAGE OPERATION CRITICALLY LOW VOLTAGES AT LOAD CENTRES SUBSTANTIALLY HIGH VOLTAGES AT FAR ENDS SYSTEM BROWNOUTS / BLACK OUTS SEPERATION OF SYSTEMS / LOSS OF LOAD ECONOMIC IN-STABILITY / INCREASED ELECTRICAL LOSSES UNRELIABLE / INEFFICIENT OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT ...THE END RESULT :
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GRID OPERATION: A TIGHT ROPE WALK
POWER SWINGS INSTABILITY INCREASED LOSSES BLACK-OUT IN-ECONOMIC OPERATION VOLTAGE COLLAPSE
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GRID PRESENT STATUS 400 MU CONS IN A DAY-1.5% IS 6 MU, 2190 MU IN A YEAR, 2/UNIT IS 4400 MILLION RUPEES IS 440 CRORE RUPEES
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GRID OPERATION – PRESENT STATUS
STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY IMPROVED VOLTAGES MERIT ORDER OPERATION INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES IMPROVED GRID SECURITY 400 MU CONS IN A DAY-1.5% IS 6 MU, 2190 MU IN A YEAR, 2/UNIT IS 4400 MILLION RUPEES IS 440 CRORE RUPEES
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GRID PRESENT STATUS CARDINAL EVENTS
400 MU CONS IN A DAY-1.5% IS 6 MU, 2190 MU IN A YEAR, 2/UNIT IS 4400 MILLION RUPEES IS 440 CRORE RUPEES
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GRID PRESENT STATUS -- CARDINAL EVENTS
AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH SCHEME GENERATION ADDITION INTERREGIONAL AC / HVDC LINKS INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE UI ...THESE EVENTS CHANGED THE FACE OF GRID OPERATION
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MONSOONS SOUTH WEST MONSOON NORTH EAST MONSOON
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STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY
TYPICAL FREQUENCY CURVE FREQUENCY DURATION CURVE RECORD FVI OF 0.04
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FREQUENCY PROFILE 2002, 2003 & 2004
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FREQUENCY DURATION CURVE 2002-03, 2003-04 & 2004-05
<49.0 49.0 & <50.5 50.5 & Above Max Min Avg FVI 0.13 98.70 0.17 50.90 48.62 49.85 0.83 2.30 97.30 0.44 51.17 48.18 49.69 1.95 49.48 48.51 2.01 51.37 47.69 48.95 18.86 FVI
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FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF SOUTHERN REGION FOR PAST FIVE YEARS
FREQUENCY (Hz) % OF TIME WHEN FREQUECY WAS BETWEEN AVERAG FVI MAXIMUM MINIMUM AVERAGE < 48.5 HZ 48.5 TO 49.0 HZ 49.0 TO 49.5 HZ 49.5 TO 50.0 HZ 50.0 TO 50.5 HZ > 50.5 HZ 00 – 01 51.56 47.76 48.67 53.79 17.68 13.63 12.26 2.64 --- 01 – 02 51.44 47.72 48.52 68.08 9.96 6.48 11.39 4.10 29.71 02 – 03 51.37 47.69 48.95 39.31 10.17 14.48 23.93 10.10 2.01 18.86 03 – 04 51.17 48.18 49.69 0.10 2.20 22.03 63.00 12.23 0.44 1.95 50.90 48.62 49.85 0.00 0.13 8.49 63.81 27.40 0.17 0.83
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BETTER VOLTAGE PROFILE MEANS LESS ELECTRICAL LOSSES
COMPARISION OF BANGALORE VOLTAGE-TYPICAL DAY 2003 2004 BETTER VOLTAGE PROFILE MEANS LESS ELECTRICAL LOSSES REALITY BITE: FARMERS IN KARNATAKA ARE HAPPY WITH FEWER HOURS OF QUALITY POWER!!. EFFICIENCY OF PUMPS AT TG HALLI WATER WORKS IMPROVED! 2002
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CUM. INS. CAP. ABOUT 16000 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 300 Ps
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49.72 HZ
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MERIT ORDER : UNITS BOXED UP
POWER STATION STATE CAPACITY(MW) FUEL VARIABLE COST TATA DIESEL KARNATAKA 79 DIESEL 308 RAYALSEEMA DGPP 27 360 YELEHANKA DIESEL 128 314 THANRBHAVI 220 NAPTHA 325 SUB-TOTAL 454 BRAHAMPURAM DPP KERALA 107 275 BSES 157 KASARGODE PCL 22 298 KAYAMKULAM 322 646 BASIN BRIDGE TAMIL NADU 120 584 P.P.NALLUR 330 415 450 TOTAL 1550
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SHARP PEAK DEEP VALLEY DEEP VALLEY
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KADAMPARAI PUMP OPERATION
SAVINGS OF RS 40 LAKHS EVERY DAY INVESTMENT OF 1600 CRORES SAVED GENERATOR MODE PUMP PUMP THE PUMP MODE WAS NOT UTILISED SINCE INCEPTION!!!
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OPPORTUNISTIC UI TRADE
POWER EXPORT TO WR ON UI BASIS DURING LOAD CRASH FREQ
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FREE GOVERNOR MODE OF OPERATION ON 12-DEC-04
SHARAVATHI -1 FREQ DROP FROM HZ TO HZ i.e. ~ 0.45HZ
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FREE GOVERNOR MODE OF OPERATION ON 12-DEC-04
SHARAVATHI -4 FREQ DROP FROM HZ TO HZ i.e. ~ 0.45HZ
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OPTIMAL RESERVOIR UTILISATION SHARAVATHY IN KARNATAKA
THE COST OF GENERATION AT SHARAVATHY IS LESS THAN 20 Ps /UNIT AVERAGE SELLING UI RATE OF KARNATAKA IS 372 Ps/UNIT 400 MU IS WORTH 800 MILLION RUPEES AT RS 2.00/UNIT WHICH IS 80CRORE RUPEES Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. PLANT OPERATORS AT SHARAVATHY THINK OF THE RESERVOIR LEVEL IN RUPEES RATHER THAN IN FEET!!! Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.
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Growth of Inter Regional Energy Exchanges Total MU During The Year
7350 8230 9730 13000 22500 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Year Total MU During The Year IR Energy Exchanges
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Reconciliation of UI Accounts
218 th Commercial Committee Meeting of SREB held on UI and Reactive Energy Charges Pool Accounts Payment and distribution for the year have been reconciled by all the constituents except AP.
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SUMMARY OF UI – 142WKS (FROM 01/JAN/03 TO 20/NOV/05)
AP KAR KER TN PONDY Total UI exported(-) / Imported(+) in MUs -4666 4688 693 1702 -189 Total amount paid in Crores Rs. -897 857 119 447 -35 Average rate of UI in paise/unit 192 183 172 262 187
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TOTAL UI AMOUNT DISBURSED:- 1923 CR AVG WEEKLY TRANSACTION:- 67 MU
UI IN SR (FROM 01/01/03 TO 20/11/05) TOTAL UI TURNOVER : MU TOTAL UI AMOUNT DISBURSED: CR AVG WEEKLY TRANSACTION:- 67 MU AVG WEEKLY UI AMOUNT DISBURSED:- 13 CR
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Back
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INTER-REGIONAL EXCHANGES DETAILS UPTO 151 WKS (Till 20.11.05)
WR ER Net Energy Transaction 76.6 MU IMPORT BY SR 503.8MU Amount Due to SR Constituents Rs Cr. Rs Cr.* Amount Credited TO SR Constituents Rs Cr. Rs Cr. *from (when ER exchanges respective frequencies)
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MAJOR AND MINOR DISTURBANCES SINCE 1994
NO DISTURBANCES DESPITE LOSING ENTIRE SUPER GENERATING PLANTS LIKE RAMAGUNDAM,VIJAYAWADA,KOTHAGUDEM, NORTH CHENNAI, SHARAVATHY ETC
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Unified Grid Operation
National Level NLDC Regional Level ERLDC WRLDC NRLDC SRLDC NERLDC 5 Nos. State HQ Level 32 Nos. SLDC Group / Distt Level 51 Nos. SUB LDC Plant / Sub- Station Level 1160 Nos. RTU
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Hierarchy of The ULDC Scheme in Southern Region
RLDC,Bangalore SCC, Pondy CPCC Hyderabad Kalamassery Chennai Bangalore Andhra Kerala Tamilnadu Karnataka Bangalore Hyderabad Kalam’erry Chennai Lingusugur Cuddapah Kannur Erode Warangal Trivandrum Madurai Hubli Vijayawada
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COMPLEXITY OF MONITORING Annual Inter-Regional
Integrated Opn of Ten Power Utilities Annual Inter-Regional Energy Transfer ≈10,000MU Generators –Hydro, Thermal,Gas/IPP 422 nos. 30,000 POINTS Active Power, Reactive Power, Voltage, Frequency, Transformer Tap Position, Circuit Breaker Position, Isolator Position etc Transmission Network 400/220kV ≈ Ckm Installed Capacity ≈32800 MW Transformation Capacity ≈ 45000 MVA Transformers (220kV and above) 480 nos. Dynamic Grid Conditions
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TALCHER KOLAR SCHEMATIC
Electrode Station Electrode Station KOLAR +/- 500 KV DC line 1370 KM Kolar 400kv System 220kv system Hosur Hoody B’lore Chintamani Salem Madras Cudappah Udumalpet
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Inter Regional Links Present IR Capacity = 9,500 MW 1650 MW 700 MW
2300 16,000 1200 MW 32,700 MW 1200MW Present IR Capacity = 9,500 MW 30,500 MW 2000MW
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INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY END OF 11th PLAN (2012)
SOUTHERN REGION WESTERNREGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH-EASTERN REGION INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY END OF 11th PLAN (2012) 13450 MW 1000 MW 6450 MW 4600 MW 1300 MW 3200 MW EASTERN REGION 30,000 MW OF INTER-REGIONAL POWER BY 2012
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RESERVOIR LEVEL - COMPARISON
LEVEL IN MTS LEVEL 30-Nov-04 30-Nov-05 JALAPUT 836.14 837.58 LINGANMAKKI 548.56 553.04 SUPA 540.40 559.57 IDUKKI 722.87 729.50 KAKKI 972.35 979.60 NILGIRIS TOTAL ENERGY 30-Nov-04 30-Nov-05 RISE IN MU % RISE 438 501 63 14 2698 4106 1408 52 1781 2759 978 55 1407 1946 538 38 609 829 220 36 1459 1442 17 1 8393 11584 3190
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COMPARISION OF BANGALORE VOLTAGE-TYPICAL DAY
2003 2004 BETTER VOLTAGE PROFILE MEANS LESS ELECTRICAL LOSSES (water supply to b’lore- next page ) REALITY BITE: FARMERS IN KARNATAKA ARE HAPPY WITH FEWER HOURS OF QUALITY POWER!!. EFFICIENCY OF PUMPS AT TG HALLI WATER WORKS IMPROVED! 2002
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WATER SUPPLY TO BANGALORE
PUMPING LOSSES REDUCED ENORMOUS SAVINGS TO THE STATE MOTOR BURNING AND MAINTENANCE COSTS ALSO CAME DOWN DRASTICALLY LOW VOLTAGE PROBLEMS AROUND BANGALORE HAMPERED WATER SUPPLY EARLIER WITH BETTER VOLTAGE NOW, PUMPING EFFICIENCY HAS IMPROVED 400 KV STATION AT MYSORE BEING COMMISSIONED ON WAR FOOTING TO FURTHER FORTIFY THIS PART OF THE GRID
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FREQUENCY CURVE FOR 9th SEPTEMBER 2004
FVI = 0.04 Avg Freq = 49.99Hz 10 * ∑ (F – 50) 2 FVI = 24 * 60
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THANK YOU
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Growth of installed capacity for electricity in India
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