2. Risky driving  Patterns of driving behavior that place drivers at risk for mortality,  Involve legal violations  Do NOT involve alcohol or drug use. Think About Risky Driving Practices  Speeding  Illegal turns  Follow other vehicles too closely

3. Crashes & age  Motor vehicle crashes are generally resulted in death in US,  Common for people under 34,  Injuries are more than 40% among 16 to 19 years old  In this age group, the crash rate is at maximum level.  Older driver : alcohol ↑ driving ↓  Younger driver : alcohol ↑ driving ↑ ALCOHOL

4.  Delinquent behavior  Problem drinking  Marjiuana use  Peer influence  As adolescents enter young adulthood;  More conventional  Less involved in problem behaviors Risky Behaviour While Driving

5. How those risky behaviours can diminish or discontinue?  With help of social roles/ responsibilities;  Marital Roles  Paretal Roles  Employment Roles  Self identication process as an ‘adult’ « expected to behave in the culturally prescribed manner»

6. Hypothesis  This study tries to examine;  Whether variation in risky driving can be explained by variation in social role and psychosocial & behavioral conventionality.  It is expected to find; a. the occupancy of conventional adult roles and greater psychosocial& behavioral conventionality should be related to less involvement in risky driving behavior b. Also, result in a decline in risky driving behavior over time.

7. Method  Procedure;  A three wave annual mail survey  Including drink driving and risky driving  Consisting of young adults  A stratified random sample was used  Licensed drivers selected (18 to 25 yrs old)  Stratified by sex, age, area of the state and violation status.

8. The Four Violation Status 1. No moving violations in the previous year 2. Three or more points for traffic violations 3. Conviction-suçlu- in previous year 4. Conviction in the past 3 months

9. Young Adult Driving Questionnaire  Consisting of,  A number of personality  Perceived social environment  Self-reported behavior measures  Competitive speed  Driving aggresion  After sending participation letters and getting signed consent forms;  Questionnaire was sent to participants and completed questionnaires was returned (wave 1)  A year later, a follow-up questionnaire was sent (wave 2)  Third questionnaire was mailed after a year again (wave 3)

10. a.Measurement of Driving Behaviors  Risky driving, drink driving and marijuana driving  In total, assessing by 28 items o Risky Driving;  Measured by 20 items o Drink Driving;  Measured by 5 items o Marjiuana Driving;  Measured by 3 items  Asking frequency of engagement

11. b.Measurement of Social Role Statuses  Included 3 items  Whether the respondents;  Married  Having children  Working full time

12. c. Measurement of Conventionality  Psychosocial conventionality was measured by;  Two personality measures and  Three perceived environment measures  Behavior conventionality was measured by;  Deliquent type behavior  Church attendance

13. Results  It is found that; Occupancy of young adult social roles and greater conventionality = lower levels of risky behavior Psychosocial Conventionality linked to less risky driving Behavior Conventionality correlated with risky driving

14. Results (cont.)  A significant result in main hypothesis; Change in social role statues and change in psychosocial & behavioral conventionality = change in risky behavior. BUT change in behavioral conventionality has largest impact.

15. What Happens Developmentally?  For the women;  Changes in social role statuses predicted maturing  For the men;  Change in behavioral conventionality predicted maturing

16. Discussion  As participation in social roles, psychosocial and behavioral conventionality, the involvement in problem behaviors  As age increased from 18 to 25, a linear decline occurs in levels of risky behaviors

17. Limitations  Analyses are based on self-reports  Measures of social role statues lack the known reliability and validity  Sample is homogeneous o Future researches need to focus on and enhance these limitations.

18. References  Jessor, R., Turbin, M., Costa, F. (1997). Predicting developmental change in risky driving: the transition to young adulthood. Applied Developmental Science, 1, 4-16

19. Thanks for listening and good luck in your presentations