1. The Texas Revolution Begins All of this is before Texas is considered to be part of the United States.

2. What does revolution mean? Have you heard of this word before?

3. Revolution: the overthrow of an existing government and the establishment of a different system of government. In other words, we are about to talk about how Texas changed from being governed by Mexico, to Texas making their own government.

4. Vocabulary David G. Burnet: The 1 st president of the Republic of Texas in 1836. Sam Houston: The president of the Republic of Texas and governor of Texas from 1859 to 1861. petition: to make a request of someone in charge. Bill of Rights: (Texas Constitution) certain rights that belong to all Texans.

5. Early Battles “Mexicans vs. Texans”

6. Early Battles Texans were ANGRY!!! –Stephen F. Austin was held in a Mexican prison. –Santa Anna demanded that Texans pay taxes on goods from the U.S. –Santa Anna wanted Texans to trade with Mexico instead of the U.S.

7. Early Battles Who was Santa Anna? –Real name was Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna –President of Mexico –General (commander of an army) during the Texas Revolution

8. Early Battles Who was Santa Anna? –Mexico’s dictator (a ruler who has absolute power and authority, one who is cruel and unjust) –Wanted more power than he should have according to the Mexican Constitution of 1824. The Mexican Constitution was the plan of government that Mexico came up with after it was free from Spain.

9. Early Battles Fighting begins October 2, 1835 –Santa Anna started it by sending troops into Texas. –A commander in the Mexican army ordered his soldiers to take a cannon from the town of Gonzales.

10. Early Battles 1 st Battle in Gonzales –October 2, 1835 –fought over a cannon that the Mexicans wanted –The men of Gonzales told the “Come and take it”

11. Early Battles 1 st Battle in Gonzales –October 2, 1835 –Lasted only a few minutes –The men of Gonzales and some Texas soldiers easily defeated the Mexicans. –1 BATTLE WON FOR TEXAS!!

12. Early Battles 2 nd Battle at Goliad –October 9, 1935 –Texans attacked a Mexican fort –2 BATTLES WON FOR TEXAS!! –Now the Texans really believe that they can defeat Santa Anna’s army.

13. Early Battles 2 nd Battle at Goliad

14. Early Battles 3 rd Battle in San Antonio –December 5, 1935 –Texans attacked the Mexicans –Lasted 4 days –3 BATTLES WON FOR TEXAS!!

15. Early Battles 3 rd Battle in San Antonio

16. Quick Review 1.Why were the Texans angry? 2.Name one thing about Santa Anna. 3.When did the fighting begin between Texas and Mexico? 4.How many early battles were fought? 5.Who won all of the early battles?

17. March on San Antonio- The 3 rd Battle “Texans marched to fight in San Antonio.”

18. March on San Antonio About 300 Texan troops gathered to begin a March on San Antonio. –Stephen F. Austin was the commander-in-chief. –They faced the last 1,100 Mexican troops in Texas. –They shouted, “ON TO SAN ANTONIO!”

19. March on San Antonio Stephen F. Austin sent 90 soldiers ahead of the rest of the soldiers. –They were to find a safe place for everyone to camp near San Antonio.

20. March on San Antonio Stephen F. Austin sent 90 soldiers ahead of the rest of the soldiers. –BUT, 275 Mexican soldiers ended up attacking them. –Yet, the 90 Texan soldiers still overpowered the Mexican soldiers an won.

21. March on San Antonio December 5, 1835 –Ben Milam and Frank Johnson led 300 Texan troops to attack the Mexican soldiers. –After 4 days of fighting, Ben Milam was killed, but Texas still ended up winning.

22. March on San Antonio December 5, 1835 –The Mexican army finally returned to Mexico

23. March on San Antonio Was it finally over? –Texans hoped that the fighting was over. –But Santa Anna had his own personal plans. He wanted to lead the army himself into Texas. Maybe he thought “If you want something done right, then do it yourself.”

24. Quick Review 1.How many Texan troops came together to begin the March on San Antonio? 2.How many Mexican soldiers attacked the 90 Texan soldiers that were sent to find a safe place? 3.Who was defeated during this attack? 4.When did the battle start in San Antonio?

25. A New Government “A need for change.”

26. A New Government Consultation –Was the meeting that was held in San Felipe in November 1835. 1 st they talked about their beliefs. –one group wanted to stay loyal to Mexico –the other group wanted to be independent from Mexico.

27. Example of a Consultation

28. A New Government Consultation –Was the meeting that was held in San Felipe 2 nd they created a temporary government for Texas. –They elected Henry Smith as governor. –They elected Sam Houston as commander-in-chief of the army. Sam Houston Henry Smith

29. A New Government Consultation –The new government started off having too many problems. Some people wanted to remain part of Mexico. There was no money to pay soldiers. –So, people were sent to the United States to raise the money needed to fight.

30. A New Government Consultation –The new government started off having too many problems. They agreed to meet again in March of 1836.

31. A New Government Santa Anna was on his way…. –February 1836, he and his troops were in the Rio Grande.

32. Quick Review 1.The consultation was held in what city? 2.During the first meeting, did everyone agree about remaining part of or being independent from Mexico? 3.The new government that was formed had problems. One problem was that some people wanted to remain part of Mexico. What was the other problem?

33. Texas Declares Independence “We want to be on our own and this is why….”

34. Texas Declares Independence The meeting on March 1, 1836 –Met at the town of Washington-on-the Brazos. –Called the Convention of 1836 –No one argued this time.

35. Texas Declares Independence The meeting on March 1, 1836 –They realized that they needed to fight Santa Anna in order to gain their independence from Mexico.

36. Texas Declares Independence The meeting on March 1, 1836 –The leaders decided to declare independence from Mexico. Sam Houston was one of the leaders. –They formed a new country– THE REPUBLIC OF TEXAS

37. Texas Declares Independence The meeting on March 1, 1836 –THE REPUBLIC OF TEXAS flag David G. Burnet Flag (12/10/1836-1/24/1839)-- Adopted as the first national flag by the First Congress of the Republic of Texas.

38. Texas Declares Independence The meeting on March 1, 1836 –They came up with the: Texas Declaration of Independence to explain why Texas wanted to be independent

39. Texas Declares Independence The meeting on March 1, 1836 –Texas Declaration of Independence Listed the problems with Mexico’s rule: –No freedom of religion –No right to jury trial –No right to petition (make requests of the government) –No public schools

40. Texas Declares Independence March 2, 1836 –EVERY person voted in favor for the Texas Declaration of Independence. –We now celebrate Texas Independence Day every year on March 2 nd.

41. Quick Review 1.What was the new country called? 2.What was the purpose of the Texas Declaration of Independence?

42. A New Constitution “We say that these are the rights that belong to the people that live in Texas.”

43. A New Constitution Texas considered themselves an independent nation. –They made their own constitution (a plan of government) TEXAS CONSTITUTION of 1836

44. A New Constitution Texas considered themselves an independent nation. –Texas Constitution of 1836 The purpose was to make it known how the new government would work. 3 branches of government

45. A New Constitution Texas considered themselves an independent nation. –Texas Constitution of 1836 Contained a Bill of Rights –Certain rights belonged to all Texans –Freedom of speech –Freedom of religion –Right to a trial by jury

46. A New Constitution Texas considered themselves an independent nation. –Texas Constitution of 1836 Did not free slaves living in Texas. Even free African Americans had to get permission to stay in Texas. Even the African Americans that were soldiers, had to get permission.

47. Quick Review 1.What was the purpose of the Texas Constitution of 1836? 2.What is one of the rights that belonged to all Texans according to the Bill of Rights? 3.Did the Texas Constitution of 1836 free slaves living in Texas?

48. Temporary Government “Who is going to run things.”

49. Temporary Government The war was going on with Mexico. –So new leaders had to be chosen right away. No time to hold elections. David G. Burnet was chosen to be the first president of Texas on March 17, 1836. Lorenzo de Zavala was named vice president on March 17, 1836. David G. Burnet Lorenzo de Zavala

50. Quick Review 1.Who was the first president of Texas?

51. Lesson Activity Using your textbook on pages 186- 211 you and your partner will look up events that happened on the dates that are shown on the worksheet. Cut and paste each event to match its correct date.

53. Lesson Quiz Must work independently. No books allowed. No notes allowed.

55. Talking Topic Form A/B partners. A tells facts to B. B gives another fact back. Partners keep swapping facts back and forth until 2 minutes are up.

56. “The Revolution Begins Information” Keep this handout in your social studies folder so that you can go back to it when you need to find out information about the beginning of the Texas Revolution.

58. Independence for TEXAS!!!