1. The Philosophes

2.  Who were they?  “Sought to apply the rules of reason, criticism, and common sense to nearly all the major institutions, economic practices, and exclusivist religious policies of the day.”  Montesquieu  Voltaire  Rousseau

3. Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu  Known as “Montesquieu”  (1689-1755)  The Spirit of Laws (1748)  Separation of Powers

4. François-Marie Arouet  Known as “Voltaire”  (1694-1778)  Elements of the Philosophy of Newton (1738)  Died as the most famous writer in Europe.

5. Jean-Jacques Rousseau  1712-1778

6. The Encyclopedia  First published in 1751  Edited by Denis Diderot  Greatest undertaking of early print culture and the Enlightenment

7. Adam Smith  Scotish  1723-1790  Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776)  Father of “laissez-faire” economic policy