1. Types of Animals

2. Invertebrates No backbone 95% of all animal species Examples: Sponges
Cnidaria (ex. Jellyfish)
Worms
Mollusks
Arthropods (insects, crabs, etc.)
Echinoderms (ex. Starfish)

3. Vertebrates – animals with backbones
Examples:
Cartilaginous fish
Sharks and rays

4. Bony fish

5. Amphibians Frogs, toads, salamanders, caecilians
Must begin life in water

6. Reptiles
Lizards, turtles, snakes, crocs, etc.
First egg with shell

7. Birds
Hollow bones
Feathers, wings

8. Mammals
Hair, mammary glands

9. Animal Homeostasis

10. Thermoregulation
Some animals cannot regulate their body temperature = ectothermic
“cold-blooded”
internal temp the same as environment temp
every animal except birds and mammals
Some animals can produce internal heat = endothermic
“warm-blooded”
heat produced by metabolism of food
birds and mammals

12. Hormonal Regulation Hormone = Hormones control Metabolism Blood sugar
Growth
Fight or flight
Menstrual cycle
Gender characteristics
And more!

13. Water Regulation
Some marine animals maintain a water concentration similar to their environment
Fish take salt in and out of the gills to regulate water
Other animals have kidneys that regulate water

14. Nitrogenous Waste Removal
Ammonia is produced by animals, but it’s toxic
Fish – secreted as ammonia, requires a lot of water
Birds/reptiles – secreted as uric acid, requires little water
Mammals – secreted as urea, requires some water