1. The Civil War (1861-1865) Through Maps, Charts, Graphs & Pictures

2. North vs. South in 1861
North
South
Advantages ?
Disadvantages

3. Rating the North & the South

4. Slave/Free States Population, 1861

5. Railroad Lines, 1860

6. Resources: North & the South

7. The Union & Confederacy in 1861

8. Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

9. Ohio Military Service

10. Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South Combined

11. Immigrants as a % of a State’s Population in 1860

12. The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens

13. The Confederate “White House”

14. MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”
The Confederate Seal
MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”

15. A Northern View of Jeff Davis

16. Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy:
“Anaconda” Plan

17. The “Anaconda” Plan

18. George McClellan, Again!
Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Joseph Hooker
Ulysses S. Grant
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
George Meade
Ambrose Burnside
George McClellan, Again!

19. McClellan: I Can Do It All!

20. The Confederate Generals Nathan Bedford Forrest
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee

21. SOUTH Advantages Many experienced officers Defending Homeland
Could produce own food
Disadvantages
9 million population – 1/3 enslaved
More men had to fight – less working to support war effort
South had 1 factory for arms (Tradegar Iron Works)
Problems distributing goods – ½ as much rail systems – 1 line east to west

22. South Continued
South had little financial reserves – became worse over time
Planters in debt
Banks had little cash reserve
Best chance at revenue (Tariff) – Union blockaded southern ports
South resorted to paper $ -- Inflation
By the end of the Civil War south had an inflation rate of 9,000% as compared to the North’s 80%

23. WEAK SOUTHERN GOVERNMENT
The CSA established a constitution that emphasized a (confederation) form of government – this interfered with Davis’ ability to conduct war
The states complained about conscription, suspension of habeas corpus and taxes, -- many states refused to follow federal policies – practicing NULLIFICATION

24. NORTH 22 million population
80% of nation’s factories were in the north
Produced 90% of country’s clothing, tolls, boats, and shoes
93% of pig iron
Dupont factories – Delaware – gunpowder
Controlled the National Treasury
Revenue from Tariffs
Banks had large reserves of cash – loaned to government by selling of bonds
Legal Tender Act – national currency= paper $

25. North had a strong Naval Tradition
3/4ths of naval officers from the north
Crews of ships were from the North
Most of the Navy’s ships were from the North
All but 1 shipyard under Union Control

26. Politics of the North
Lincoln’s Goal was to PRESERVE THE UNION (not an ABOLITIONIST)
DEMOCRATS were SPLIT
War Democrats
Peace Democrats (copperheads)
Conscription
Habeas corpus (suspended in border states)

27. Diplomatic Challenge
Outbreak of civil war put the major governments of Europe in a difficult situation
North – US did not want Europe to recognize the CSA – did not want Europe to interfere in the war
South wanted the exact opposite – placed pressure on Europe by voluntarily not selling cotton on these markets – cost them $
May 1861 – British and French will meet with CSA

28. Question of Robert E. Lee
Opposed Secession
Believed slavery to be evil
Could not fight against his birthplace of Virginia
He resigned from the Union as well as 313 officers
South had a Strong Military Tradition – 7/8 military colleges located in the south

29. 1st MODERN WAR
Tactics
Organize troops into tight lines/ columns go on the offensive
March towards enemy – firing in mass volleys
Get close enough to charge – hand to hand combat
Conoidal bullets
Trenches/ barricades
War of Attrition – wearing down of 1 side through exhaustion of soldiers and resources

30. Early Stages of War

31. Mobilization of Troops
1st months of war – Lincoln was under great pressure to strike against the South
General PGT Bouregard (CSA) gathering troops 25 miles south of Washington DC – near Manassas Junction –
Lincoln hoped for a quick end to conflict

32. 1st Battle of Bull Run
1st Stage – success for Union – push confederates back past the stream – Bull Run ( Stone Wall Jackson)
2nd stage – success for the South – Confederate reinforcements arrive – Union falls back – retreats
Lesson – made it clear to the north that they would need a large well trained army and the war would not be short

33. Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas) July, 1861

34. Attitude concerning War
Lincoln calls for 500,000 troops – needed men for 3 years
Attitude –
CSA – Conscription
Union – Bounty
Militia Act

35. Naval War
April 1861 Lincoln proclaims a blockade on all Southern Ports – by 1862 all ports sealed save Wilmington & Charleston
As time went on – blockade successful
South used Blockade Runners – helped in shipping goods --- (manufactured products)
Shipped much less than before war

36. Britain Interferes
Sell two warships to the south – Alabama Claims and the Florida – together --- they sink 102 Union ships ---
Farragut Captures New Orleans --- he is placed in charge of 42 warships, and 15,000 foot soldiers under command of Benjamin Butler
60 years old an Veteran of 1812 & Mexican Wars

37. Stages of Battle on the Miss. River
Early April Farragut – bombards forts – his attacks failed April 24th – sailed down MR in Single File Line Arrived in New Orleans April 25th Six Days Later Conquered New Orleans ** MR under Union Control & Divided CSA

38. War in the West Under the Command of General Ulysses S. Grant
Ordered to take control of the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers and split the east/ west rail lines at Corinth ---
Seized Forts Henry & Fort Donaldson
Split lines at Corinth
*** April 6th Shiloh – Surprise attack by Confederates on Union troops – High Casualties – 20,000 – Grant – desk job

39. Murfreesboro
Braxton Bragg – led Confederate troops into KTY – wanted t stage a proconfederate uprising – not successful
Defeated at Perryville by Don Carlos Buell – cut rail lines – slow movement into Tennessee – to chase Confederates – Buell replaced – with William Rosecrans – heads south into Tennessee – Bragg attacks the Union at Murfeesboro – 4 day battle -- stalemate

40. War in West going Well for Union
Defeated South at New Orleans
Captured Rivers
Captured Corinth, Perryville, Murfreesboro, Shiloh
Blockade of the ports going well

41. Civil War Continued

42. War in the East:

43. George B. McClellan
Appointed to lead the army of the Potomac – or the Union army in Virginia
McClellan and the slows– he drilled his men for half a year before he went to battle
“Seven Days Battle” – a series of battles where the Union forces try to capture Richmond. (June 25 – July ) victory for the Confederates!

44. Second Battle of Bull Run – another resounding victory for the ConfederateS & now Lee decided to enter into enemy soil
McClellan has a tremendous stroke of luck – found Lee’s army orders wrapped around a bunch of cigars
ANTIETAM – Bloodiest single day in American history – Casualties totaled more than 26,000 – happened September 17, 1862 in Maryland – Stalemate – Union victory because CSA - retreats

45. Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties

46. Emancipation Proclamation – because of the Union victory at Antietam – Lincoln presents to the public his Emancipation Proclamation (Military Tactic)
States – slaves are free in all states that are in rebellion against the USA(Union)
What about border states?

47. Emancipation in 1863

48. The Emancipation Proclamation

49. The Southern View of Emancipation

50. African-American Recruiting Poster

51. African-American Recruiting Poster

52. African-Americans in Civil War Battles

53. Black Troops Freeing Slaves

54. August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould Shaw