1. Chapter 5

3. Politics & Slavery WWhat was important to the economy and the society in the United States, especially in the South? SLAVERY WWhat did whites in the North as well as in the South believe about Blacks? They believed blacks were inferior to whites.

4.  What words are not found in the U.S. Constitution? Slave & Slavery  What terms are used instead? “all other persons” or “persons held to service or labor”  What question was usually avoided in political controversies and why? Slavery because it was a sensitive issue  In what year did slavery become a primary issue of the day? 1819

5. Missouri Compromise  What was the year of the Louisiana Purchase? 1803  What is the difference between a slave and a free state? Slave state = permitted slavery Free state = no slavery permitted  At what latitude was the Missouri Compromise line drawn? 36° 30’ N

6.  Everything north of that line (36° 30’ N) was considered a free state.  In what year was the Missouri Compromise passed?  1819  Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine was admitted as a free state.

8. Antislavery Movement  In what year was the American Colonization Society (ACS) formed? 1817  What did the ACS support? Freedom of slaves and removing them to Africa  What grew out of the work of the ACS? Nation of Liberia in west Africa

10.  What is emancipation? Freedom  What was the name of the antislavery newspaper and who published it? The Liberator published by William Lloyd Garrison

11. Nullification Crisis  What are states’ rights? Belief that the rights of states should prevail over rights of federal government  What is a tariff? Tax on imported goods designed to keep out foreign competition  Congress passed a bill that denied the states the right to nullify a law. TRUE

12.  Who wrote the South Carolina Exposition? John C. Calhoun

13. Compromise of 1850  What party was formed in opposition to slavery? Republican  What is popular sovereignty? Vote by the people living in an area on a specific issue

14.  What did the Compromise of 1850 state? California was admitted as a free state. Western territories were to be determined by popular sovereignty. Stronger fugitive slave law  What did the Kansas/Nebraska Act declare? Permitted Kansas to vote on slavery even though north of 36° 30’ N

17. Bleeding Kansas

18.  What is secession? Withdrawal from the Union

19. 1860 Presidential Election  How many political parties were there in the election of 1860? 4  Each party had a platform. What is a platform?  Statement of the principles and policies a party supports  Name the parties and their candidates.

20. Republican  Abraham Lincoln  Platform: No slavery in the territories but would not interfere with slave states

21. Democrat  Stephen Douglas  Platform: Supported popular sovereignty

22. Southern Democrat  John Breckinridge  Platform: Wanted to preserve slavery

23. Constitutional Union  John Bell  Platform: Wanted a peaceful way to save the Union

24. WINNER

25. What did the election of 1860 reveal to thousands across the country?  There were deep divisions in the country.

27.  In what order did the states secede? 1 st - South Carolina 2 nd – Mississippi* 3 rd – Alabama 4 th – Georgia 5 th – Florida 6 th – Louisiana 7 th – Texas 8 th – Virginia 9 th – North Carolina 10 th – Tennessee 11 th – Arkansas

28. Confederate States of America

29.  What was the new government called? Confederate States of America  Who was elected president? Jefferson Davis from Mississippi

30.  What were the capitals of the Confederacy? Montgomery, AL then Richmond, VA  How was the Confederate government different than the U. S. government? States’ rights & slavery protected; president’s term – 6 yrs.

31. WAR  Where was the first shot fired? Fort Sumter, SC

32.  Why were the odds stacked against the South? The North had more resources, industry, railroads, and a larger population.  How could the North win? They had to invade & conquer the South.  What part did the Mississippi River play in the war? North could split the Confederacy & cut off western supply routes

34. Battle of Shiloh  Give the basic statistics of the Battle of Shiloh near Corinth, Mississippi. 3477 – Union/Confederate killed 16,420 – wounded 3844 – captured or missing  What impression was made with the Battle of Shiloh? It would be a bloody war; frightened soldiers; made them more determined to finish it.

36.  With the fall of what two large cities did freedom to travel the Mississippi River come? Memphis & New Orleans  Describe Farragut’s attempt to get by Vicksburg in June, 1862. Came from New Orleans - past Vicksburg – landed troops in Louisiana – wanted to build a canal – couldn’t because MS River level was too low – went back to New Orleans

39.  Describe the battle around Corinth in September of 1862. Gen. Price (CSA) chased Union to Corinth – Union attacked – Confederates retreated to Ripley – joined with Gen. Van Dorn (CSA) @ Port Gibson – attacked Corinth – Van Dorn retreated to Holly Springs

41.  How long was the Arkansas of use to the Confederacy? Why? 23 days; continued engine failures; eventually destroyed by the crew to keep from the Union

42. Battle of Vicksburg  What happened to Grant’s attempt to get to Jackson in October of 1862? Grant (USA) had to return to TN because Gen. Forrest (CSA) cut supply lines in TN & Gen. Van Dorn (CSA) destroyed supplies @ Holly Springs

43.  Describe the steps Grant and Sherman used to finally get Vicksburg. Surrounded Vicksburg Enacted a siege to cut off Vicksburg from supplies & reinforcements  What happened to the people of Vicksburg as a result of the siege? People had to live in caves; ate mules, rats, or anything else they could find

48.  Why was Meridian a good target for Gen. Sherman in 1864? Strategically located @ junction of 2 railroads  What happened to this Union campaign? Sherman (US) captured & destroyed rail facilities

50. War Ends  When was the war officially over? April 1865  How many Mississippians died? (MS lost the greatest percentage of men in the war.) 27,000

52. Economic Costs  Northern wealth increased by 50%. Spent $1.3 billion on war.  South lost 60% of wealth. Railroads & industry destroyed. 40% of livestock and cattle killed. Spent over $2 billion on war.

54. Effects on Civilians  Women Worked outside the home. Some disguised themselves as soldiers & fought in war.

57.  Over 4 million slaves freed. 13 th Amendment abolished slavery but gave no rights.

58.  Children Many lost parents. Some served as drummers, musicians, or soldiers in the war.

60. Human Costs  600,000 dead  Approximately 500,000 wounded  South 800,000 fought 450,000 casualties (dead + wounded)  North 2.2 million fought 640,000 casualties

62. Soldiers After the War  Many had the opportunity to travel for the first time.  Joined veterans’ organizations  Psychological scars from war  Former black soldiers demanded FULL citizenship rights including voting rights.