1. Post-War Europe and the Beginnings of the Cold War

2. The Cost of the War The final casualty count: 72 Million  420,000 Americans  23 million Russians  7.5 million Germans  6 Million Jews 4% of the 1940 world population

4. The Cost of the War The war cost $2.1 trillion dollars.

5. Impacts of World War II  War Crimes Trials  Occupation of Germany  Occupation of Eastern Europe  Occupation of Japan  The United Nations  Marshall Plan  Warsaw Pact  NATO  The Cold war

6. War Crimes Trials Many atrocities took place at the hands of the Axis Powers.  11 Million murdered During the Holocaust by The Nazis  Estimates up to 30 million Slaughtered by the Japanese (Rape of Nanking)

8. Nuremberg Trials 24 Nazi Civilian and Military leaders are put on trial for crimes against humanity

9. Nuremberg Trials 12 executed, 4 acquitted, 8 given a prison sentence Karl DonitzHermann Goering Ernst Kaltenbrunner PrisonDeath Death

10. Tokyo War Crimes 25 put on Trial, 7 executed Itagaki Seishiro -- Death Hideki Tojo -- Death

11. The United Nations When does talk about established the “United Nations” begin? What does the UN plan to replace?

12. The United Nations April 25, 1945: 50 nations meet in San Francisco to establish a new Worldwide peacekeeping body. UN Security Council U.S.A France Britain China U.S.S.R. Which country stands out?

13. The Occupation of Eastern Europe Following Germany’s defeat, Stalin’s army Remains in Eastern Europe (Poland, Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Etc.)

15. Occupation of Eastern Europe Stalin takes over the governments of these countries and establishes Communist puppet states know as ________________ __

16. Occupation of Eastern Europe Stalin’s Goals:  Expansion of power  Encourage the spread of communism  Create a barrier between Russia & Germany  Use Eastern Europe’s raw materials to rebuild Russia’s economy  Counterbalance U.S. influence

17. U.S.A vs. U.S.S.R U.S.A Government Type Democracy = Power to the people Economy Type Capitalist = People/Citizens own business U.S.S.R Gov’t Type Socialist = Power to 1 dictator Economy Type Communist = Government owns business

18. Occupation of Germany  Germany divided by the four allied powers  Great Britain, U.S.A., and France control West Germany  Russia controls East Germany

19. Occupation of Germany The German capital, Berlin, is split as well even though it is inside of Eastern Germany.

21. The Iron Curtain “A shadow has fallen upon the scenes so lately lighted by the Allied victory... From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.”

22. Iron Curtain

23. The Cold WAr

25. What was the Cold War?

26. The Cold War 19451990 The Cold War begins at the end of World War II and ends with the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991

28. The Marshall Plan To help avoid war and rebuild Western Europe, the U.S. gives over $13 Billion to participating nations.

29. The Marshall Plan Can anyone think of another reason the U.S. would give all that money to these unstable countries?

30. The Berlin Airlift 1948: Stalin attempts to take over the parts of Berlin that belong to the Western powers. He closes off all highway and rail routes into West Berlin.

31. The Berlin Airlift The Western powers begin to send relief. 327 days 277,000 flights 2.3 million tons of supplies.

32. NO you don’t, Stalin!

33. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) THE BERLIN BLOCKADE INCREASES WESTERN FEAR OF SOVIET AGGRESSION., ESPECIALLY IN SMALLER COUNTRIES. Ten Western European nations, along with the U.S. and Canada, create the North Atlantic Treaty organization.  Pledge military support if one nation is attacked.  First peacetime military alliance in U.S. History.

34. The Warsaw Pact  Created by the Soviet Union in response to NATO and West Germany’s rearmament.  Linked the Soviet Union with seven Eastern Bloc countries.