1. Ch. 14

2.  Seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country  Stronger country controls political, economic and social life of weaker country

3.  Raw materials  New markets  National pride ◦ Empire = national greatness  Religion ◦ End evil practices ◦ Slave trade

4.  White Europeans believed they were better  Social Darwinism ◦ Superior people should rule ◦ Non-Europeans seen as inferior  Duty of Europeans to “civilize,” “Westernize”  White Man’s Burden

6.  Mid-1800s ◦ Hundreds of ethnic groups ◦ 1,000s of languages  Europe controls 10% ◦ Could not travel in-land ◦ Disease  Africans control own trade networks

8.  Technological superiority ◦ Steam engine and ships ◦ Railroads ◦ Telegraph cables ◦ Machine guns ◦ Quanine  Protected Europeans from malaria

9.  King Leopold II of Belgium ◦ Claimed wanted end to slave trade  Increase Christianity ◦ Real goal was rubber  10 million die because of abuse  Other nations alarmed by Belgian control

10.  Scramble for territory begins in 1880 ◦ Discovery of diamonds in 1867 ◦ Gold - 1886

11.  14 European countries  1884-1885  Rules for division of Africa ◦ Notify others of claim ◦ Show they could control it  No African rulers invited  1914 – only Ethiopia and Liberia independent

14.  Demand for Raw Materials Shapes Colonies ◦ Countries think Africans will buy goods  Wrong

15. ◦ Main source of wealth is rich mineral resources  Belgian Congo contains copper and tin  Small compared to diamonds and gold in South Africa

16. ◦ Businesses develop cash- crop plantations  Peanuts, palm oil, cocoa, rubber  Displaces food grown by natives  Leads to starvation