1. Andragogy CAE 213 Introduction to Adult Education

2. Discussion 1 From your experience…think of a situation that clearly illustrates pedagogy and one that illustrates andragogy

3. Andragogy Two streams of inquiry 1.Scientific stream – rigorous and experimental investigation Edward L. Thorndike 1928 Adult Learning 2.Intuitive stream – analysis of experience Eduard C. Lindeman 1926 The Meaning of Adult Education

4. Andragogy Lindeman’s insights 1.Curriculum is built around student need 2.Learner experiences is a highly valued resource. 3.Adult education is a cooperative venture in non- authoritarian, informal learning.

5. Andragogy Lindeman’s Assumptions about Adult Learning: 1.Adults are motivated to learn as they experience needs and interests that learning will satisfy. 2.Adult orientation to learning is life centered. 3.Experience is the richest resource of adult learning. 4.Adults have a deep need to be self-directing. The role of the teacher is to engage in the process of mental inquiry. 5.Individual differences among people increase with age.

6. Discussion 2 What are you thoughts after reflecting on Lindeman’s five key assumptions about adult learners… 1.Adults - motivated to learn as they experience needs. 2.Adult orientation - is life centered. 3.Experience - the richest resource of adult learning. 4.Adults - deep need to be self-directing. 5.Individual differences - increase with age.

7. Andragogy The Journal of Adult Education and other publications of the American Association for Adult Education produced growing insights from practitioners concerning adult education. The concepts of lifelong learning, democratic participatory education, and critical thought all became key values in the practice of adult education.

8. Discussion 3 Based on your reading in this course and others, how has clinical psychology contributed to andragogy (education)? Freud Erickson

9. Andragogy Key psychological concepts guided adult educators in understanding learners Freud – learners are complex and may not be aware that their subconscious influences their interests and behavior Jung – learning is holistic involving all parts of the conscious mind including sensation, thought, emotion, & intuition

10. Andragogy Erickson developmental framework identified key issues such as trust/distrust, autonomy/shame, initiative/guilt, industry/inferiority, identity/role confusion, intimacy/isolation, generativity/stagnation, integrity/dispair.

11. Andragogy Carl Rogers conceptualized a student- centered approach to education: 1.We cannot teach directly, we facilitate learning 2.Significant learning is related to self development 3.Experience which reorganizes self is resisted 4.Perceived threat to self increases resistance 5.Effective education reduces perceived threat to self to a minimum

12. Andragogy Rogers and Maslow emphasized the importance of safety in learning that learning was a process not a product

13. Andragogy In the 1950s, practitioners felt a central goal was needed to unify the discipline The Ford Foundation funded meetings to identify a central unifying goal Practitioners were divided between two goals: the improvement of individuals and the improvement of society.

14. Finding a common core work force training agricultural high school extension A equivalency ESL YMCA business night school

15. Andragogy Adult Education did not unify around a central goal in the 1950s Divergent themes from key practitioners continue to influence Adult Education A unifying goal has not emerged A unifying central theory of adult learning has emerged even if there is not full agreement in calling it “Andragogy”

16. Andragogy Key concepts in adult learning (p. 4): 1.The need to know 2.The learner’s self-concept 3.The role of experience 4.Readiness to learn 5.Orientation to learning 6.Motivation

17. Discussion 4 How has adult education contributed to “andragogy”? How does the andragogical model fit with your own learning style?