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Published byMay Blake Modified over 9 years ago
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Personality Disorders
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Definitions Personality trait –a stable, recurring pattern of human behavior Personality type –a constellation of personality traits –recognizable as a frequent and familiar combination
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Definitions Personality disorder –a constellation of personality traits that are Inflexible Maladaptive lead to difficulties in work or interpersonal relations, subjective distress, and usually both. (Global Criteria)
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4 Approaches to describing personality
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Categorical versus Dimensional
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How Personality Disorders Present
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Presentation In Medical Settings –doctor-patient relationship –Noncompliance –Difficulty coping Hospitalization Disability medical restrictions
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Presentation In the Family –Marital conflicts –Sexual dysfunction –Child rearing –Domestic violence
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Presentation Within the individual –Anxiety –Depression –External problems/losses resulting from maladaptive behavior Divorce job loss legal troubles poor outcome from a medical condition When circumstances prevent living according to usual personality style
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Comorbidity
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Making a Personality Diagnosis Collateral sources Social and developmental history Personality tests (ex. MMPI) current strengths and weaknesses
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Speculations on Etiology
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DSM-IV Personality disorders P Categorical P Arranged by clusters
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The Clusters P A: Odd P B: Dramatic P C: Anxious
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A: The Odd Cluster P Paranoid P Schizoid P Schizotypal
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B: The Dramatic Cluster P Narcissistic P Antisocial P Borderline P Histrionic
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C: The Anxious Cluster P Avoidant P Obsessive-Compulsive P Dependent
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The Odd Cluster
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Paranoid Personality Disorder Paranoid personality mistrustful of everyone but still able to test reality
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Schizoid personality lacks intimate relationships frightened by closeness incapable of warmth Anxious about any closeness
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Schizotypal personality odd and eccentric ideas influence daily behavior but not psychotic
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Narcissistic personality Exaggerated sense of self-importance, Unrealistic fantasies, Wants recognition for being special Arrogant, Entitled, Requires admiration Exploitative, Unempathic towards others Envious of others Unconcerned about effect on others
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Antisocial personality the "psychopath“ violates laws/social conventions Dishonest unconcerned about effect on others
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Borderline personality emotionally intense unstable impulsive behavior self-destructive inner emptiness intolerance of being alone
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Histrionic personality Dramatic attention-seeking caricature of femininity/masculinity
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The Anxious Cluster
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Avoidant personality Social inhibition Feelings of inadequacy Hypersensitivity to criticism
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Obsessive-Compulsive Personality preoccupied w/ work/duty not enjoying life Often rigid and inflexible
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The Dependent Personality clings to stronger person Submissive seeks help/advice anxious when having to make decision
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30 Treatment
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Treatment: Psychotherapy Acute symptom focused –Ex. Dialectic behavioral therapy Fundamental –Focused on changing personality –Long term psychotherapy
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Treatment: Pharmacotherapy Symptom Focused Ex. –Depression –Anxiety –Psychosis More fundamental treatment? –Forme frustre approach
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Treatment In Medical Settings Identify and treat problems acute symptoms –Separate medical diagnosis from behaviors
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