1. Tobacco & Alcohol

2. Tobacco
Addictive Drug- A substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence
Nicotine- The addictive drug found in tobacco leaves
Stimulant- A drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs

3. Poisonous Substances in Tobacco Smoke
Tar- A thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns
Carbon Monoxide – A colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas
4,000 chemicals
43 known cancer-causing compounds
400 toxins
What's in a Cigarette?

4. Tobacco Not limited to smoking cigarettes
Smoke from pipes and cigars cause health concerns
Cigars contain significantly more nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide than cigarettes
One cigar = 20 cigarettes (nicotine)
Pipes and cigars increase risk of developing cancer of the lip, mouth, throat, larynx, lungs, and esophagus

5. Smokeless Tobacco
Sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed
“Dip”
Harmful chemicals are absorbed into the body at levels up to three times the amount of a single cigarette
Leukoplakia- thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer

6. Short Term Effects (5) Brain chemistry changes
Addiction
Withdrawal symptoms
Headaches, nervousness
Respiration and heart rate increase
Difficulty breathing
Endurance decrease
Irregular heart rate
Taste buds
Dulled
Lose ability to enjoy food
Bad breath
Yellowed teeth
Smelly hair, clothes, and skin

7. Long Term Effects (1) Chronic bronchitis Emphysema Lung cancer
Bronchi become damaged
Tar buildup in the lungs
Chronic coughing and excessive mucus secretion
Emphysema
Disease that destroys the tiny air sacs in the lungs
Air sacs become less elastic making it harder to breathe
80% of persons energy just to breathe
Lung cancer
Cilia in bronchi are destroyed and extra mucus is stuck
Cancer cells can multiply, block the bronchi, and move to the lungs
90% of lung cancer deaths are caused by smoking

8. Long Term Effects Coronary heart disease and stroke
Nicotine constricts blood vessel which cuts down blood flow
Plaque build up which can lead to hardened arteries
Arteries that are clogged increase risk of heart attack and stroke
Weakened immune system
Makes body more vulnerable to disease

9. Other Consequences Cost Average $8.20 per pack $57.40 per week
$ per year
10 years = $29,848.00
20 years = $59,680.00
30 years = $89,544.00

10. Why do people use? Addiction Peer pressure Environment
Grow up around it
Friends/family

11. Alcohol Ethanol- The type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages
Powerful and addictive drug
Fermentation- The chemical action of yeast on sugars
Water, flavoring, and minerals are mixed with ethanol to produce beverages such as beer, wine, and flavored malt liquor drinks

12. Short Term Effects (2) Slows reaction time Impairs vision
Diminishes judgement
Too much can cause intoxication
Intoxication-The state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or another substance, and the person’s physical and mental control is significantly reduced

13. Long Term Effects (2)
Damage to brain cells and a reduction in brain size
Increase in blood pressure, which may lead to a heart attack or stroke
Buildup of fat cells in the liver which can lead to cell death
Damage to the digestive lining of the stomach causing ulcers and cancer of the stomach
Destruction of the pancreas
Damage to relationship with family, friends, and others

14. Factors that Influence Alcohol’s Effects (3)
Body size
Smaller person feels the effect faster than larger person
Gender
Moves in bloodstream faster in females because of smaller bodies
Food
Food in stomach slows down the passage of alcohol in bloodstream
Rate of intake
If they drink faster than the liver can break it down, person becomes intoxicated
Amount
As the amount increases, the level of alcohol in bloodstream rises
Medicine
Alcohol can interfere with medicines; some medicines can heighten the effects of alcohol

15. Binge Drinking & Alcohol Poisoning
Binge drinking- Drinking five or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting
Alcohol poisoning- A severe and potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose

16. Effects of Alcohol Poisoning (2)
Mental confusion and stupor
Coma and inability to be roused
Vomiting and seizures
Slow respiration
Irregular heartbeat
Hypothermia or low body temperature

17. Health Risks of Alcohol Use
Legal issues
Violence
Sexual activity
STI’s, unplanned pregnancy, sexually active earlier
Family
Neglect, abuse, or social isolation
Economic hardship
Personal use alcohol themselves
Mental illness or physical problems
School

18. Benefits of Living Alcohol Free (2)
Maintaining a healthy body
Establishing healthy relationships
Making healthy decisions
Avoiding risky behaviors
Avoiding illegal activities
Avoiding violence
Achieving your goals

19. Pregnancy
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome- A group of alcohol-related birth defects that include physical and mental problems
Effects (2)
Small head and deformities of face, hands, feet
Heart, liver, and kidney defects
Vision and hearing problems
Central nervous system problems, developmental disabilities, poor coordination
Difficulties learning and short attention span
Hyperactivity, anxiety, and social withdrawal

20. Impact of Alcohol Abuse
Driving
Life threatening
Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)- The amount of alcohol in a person’s blood, expressed as a percentage
Driving while intoxicated (DWI)
Driving under the influence (DUI)
0.08 is legal limit anything over results in drunk driving charge
Consequences of DUI
Injury or death
Arrest, jail time, lawsuits
Severely restricted driving privileges or loss of drivers license
Higher car insurance rates or canceled insurance
Riding in a car with someone who has been drinking can be just as dangerous DD

21. Alcoholism Dependent on alcohol Craving Loss of control
Physical dependence

22. Alcoholism Stage 1 – Abuse Stage 2- Dependence Stage 3- Addiction
Begins with social drinking
May begin to lie to justify drinking
Stage 2- Dependence
Person cannot stop drinking and is physically dependent on alcohol
Tries to hide problem
Performance drops (work & school)
Stage 3- Addiction
Addiction
Liver damage
Withdrawal symptoms