1. european capacity building initiativeecbi The 2015 Paris Agreement 4. Adaptation Dr. Achala Abeysinghe Head, ecbi Training and Support Programme Team Leader, Global Climate Change Governance, IIED european capacity building initiative initiative européenne de renforcement des capacités ecbi for sustained capacity building in support of international climate change negotiations pour un renforcement durable des capacités en appui aux négociations internationales sur les changements climatiques

2. european capacity building initiativeecbi 4.1 Commitments/contributions on adaptation What substantive forms of adaptation contributions should be made available in the Agreement? What legal forms of adaptation contributions should be made available in the Agreement? Should there be differentiation, and if yes what type? 4.2 Planning, institutional arrangements, cooperation and coordination How should the NAP process continue in the 2015 Agreement? Should there be new arrangements for planning? In terms of institutional arrangements, how should the existing arrangement be reflected in the new agreement? what needs to be done differently? What new arrangements are needed? How to enhance means of implementation support for developing countries? What arrangements needed for enhancing monitoring, evaluation and assessments?

3. european capacity building initiativeecbi 4.3. Loss & Damage  How to capture loss and damage in the 2015 Agreement?  How should Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage be related to the Agreement? 4.4. Long-term and collective aspects of adaptation  Should there be a global goal for adaptation, and if yes how should it be defined?

4. european capacity building initiativeecbi General responsibilities A matter of collective responsibility. Common commitment of all Parties to work towards climate-resilient development, cooperate and integrate adaptation into national strategies and programmes. Individual commitments by all parties: -By Developed countries: Obligation to support developing countries in accordance with realizable temperature scenarios (art. 4, paras 1, 3, 4,5,9 of the Convention); -By Developing countries: To be in accordance with article 4 of the Convention, and build on existing mechanisms and processes for NAPs and NAPAs. Encourage to showcase their national efforts; - Avoid additional burden on LDCs. Cooperation on adaptation to be a legal requirement.

5. european capacity building initiativeecbi Adaptation and INDCs Should adaptation be communicated through INDCs? Yes INDCs should not be limited to mitigation. Need equal focus on adaptation and other elements (the deal is not only on mitigation) Early recognition of adaptation in INDCs will facilitate the discussions on means of implementation No Should not distract countries from their tasks to submit mitigation INDC by opening up for adaptation Implies an imposition of additional and unfair burden on developing countries specially those who struggle with lack of capacity and resources and those who are currently going through adaptation reporting/ planning INDCs are only one element of the 2015 Agreement. Parties should not try to put everything under INDCs instead should focus on the elements of the 2015 Agreement (ADP WS I as the vehicle to discuss adaptation in more detail) Parties who wish to do so INDCs are nationally determined. Parties will decide how and what they want to contribute The efforts on one issues do not replace or compensate for the efforts parties should undertake on other issues No minimal information requirement for adaptation. Parties should communicate sufficient information on how they plan to enhance adaptation through the 2015 Agreement Any assessment process should be facilitative to ensure greater enhancement of climate resilience

6. european capacity building initiativeecbi Planning, institutional arrangements, coordination and cooperation A Subsidiary Body for Adaptation (SBA) similar to the other subsidiary bodies. A registry to record and showcase national adaptation actions/programmes, seeking: To enhance international cooperation for finance, technology and capacity building support for such adaptation actions To monitor and identify progress and gaps in adaptation from a global perspective. : Institutional Arrangements Further strengthen existing institutional arrangements: including enhancing the mandate of the Adaptation Committee, strengthening the linkages with the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and other existing funds, LEG, and NWP in order to address the gap in the implementation of adaptation. NAPs NAPs to provide the essential basis for all countries to assess vulnerabilities, identify adaptation options and implement adaptation. The agreement to ensure the process to formulate and implement NAPs is being undertaken in all interested developing countries The agreement to ensure that NAPs go beyond mere planning and mainstreaming

7. european capacity building initiativeecbi Finance for adaptation Prioritization for adaptation. Balanced allocation between adaptation and mitigation. 50:50 balance and/or at least 50% to adaptation based on criteria ensuring balanced geographical allocation.

8. european capacity building initiativeecbi Monitoring, evaluation and reporting To be strengthened and/or institutionalized To be done through providing authority to the COP to adopt further guidance on such reporting and further facilitating the sharing of progress and experiences in preparing and implementing adaptation actions. A framework to be defined. Common metrics to assess progress.

9. european capacity building initiativeecbi Loss and damage The new agreement to include provisions for loss and damage. The Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts to be anchored and fully integrated in the 2015 agreement and operationalized. The Agreement to provide for corresponding costs, including investment needs for risk assessment, risk management, insurance and compensation, including the associated overall costs and impacts of residual damages.

10. european capacity building initiativeecbi Long term aspects of adaptation and adaptation goal Presentation by Xolisa Ngwadla