1. What do we know about the universe?

2. Doppler Effect
The observed change in the frequency of sound or electromagnetic waves due to the relative motion of the source and observer.

3. Red Shift
Red shift
A change in the observed spectral lines towards the red end of the spectrum. Any star showing a red shift is moving away from Earth.
Normal

4. Blue Shift
A change in the observed spectral lines towards the blue end of the spectrum. Any star showing a blue shift is moving towards Earth.
Normal
Blue Shift

5. Big Bang Theory
All galaxies are showing red shift. Telling scientist that all galaxies are moving away from each other. If we put this motion of the galaxies in reverse all galaxies would have been in one central location. From this location 13 billion years ago a large explosive happened sending all matter outward.

6. Big Bang Theory
Another piece of evidence that supports the big bang theory, was the detection of back ground radiation. A low level radiation that is consistent throughout the universe, that is considered to be remnants of the big bang explosion.

7. Evidence that supports the Big Bang
In 1965, researchers using radio telescopes detected cosmic background radiation, or low levels of energy evenly distributed throughout the universe; considered a remnant of the big bang.
Other stuff created by the big bang.
Analyzing the background radiation, scientist have discovered that 23% of the universe is made of a type of matter that does not give off light but that has gravity that we can detect, we call this matter dark matter.
A material called dark energy, is relatively unknown, scientist think that is acts as a force that opposes gravity.

8. Universe Quiz

9. Scientists examine the light spectra from distant stars to determine if the size of the universe is changing. Why do astronomers believe the size of the universe is changing?
a. The red shift indicates that distant galaxies are moving away from each other.
b. The red shift indicates that distant galaxies are moving towards each other.
c. The blue shift indicates that distant galaxies are moving away from each other.
d. The blue shift indicates that distant galaxies are moving towards each other.

10. Measurements of light from 7 nearby stars were made
Measurements of light from 7 nearby stars were made. Doppler analysis was performed and red shift was observed in all the measurements. What does this evidence suggest about the stars?
a. All the stars measured are moving away from the Earth.
b. All the stars measured are moving toward the Earth.
c. Four of the stars measured are moving away from the Earth.
d. All of the stars are not moving relative to the Earth

11. What is the following: "The universe began in a gigantic explosion called the ‘Big Bang.’"
a. Theory
b. Law
c. Observation
d. Fact
e. Superstition

12. Which of the following statements is the best reason the big bang is an accepted scientific theory?
a. A group of people met together and decided to make it a theory.
b. There is no other way to explain the formation of the universe.
c. Distant galaxies were observed to be moving away from Earth.
d. Edwin Hubble was an honest man.

13. Why is the Big Bang Theory the most accepted theory of how the universe was formed?
a. It is the simplest explanation of the current scientific data.
b. It is based on a combination of scientific and religious facts.
c. It has not been revised or changed by scientists for many years.
d. It has been proven correct by using mathematical models.