1. EVOLUTION REVIEW

2. Which of the 4 processes of Evolution by Natural Selection does the definition describe? Individuals within a species will fight for limited resources. Competition (Struggle for Existence) Differences in the inherited characteristics of species that get passed down to the next generation. Genetic Variation More offspring are produced than can survive. Overproduction of Offspring The organisms with the traits favored by the environment will have a higher probability of surviving and reproducing to pass on their traits to the next generation Differential Survival and Reproduction

3. What is the vocab word?! Slight changes in the inherited characteristics of a species through adaptations over time. Evolution

4. What are the 5 main pieces of evidence supporting Darwin’s theories? 1. Fossils 2. Embryological Similarities 3. DNA 4. Structural (Anatomy) Similarities 5. Biogeography

5. What line of evidence for evolution is this a picture of? DNA

6. How do Fossils provide evidence for evolution? Fossils show gradual change over time. They are representative of species that once existed, pointing to descent from a common ancestor

7. How does Artificial Selection connect to evolution? Humans breeding other animals and plant for desirable traits is altering the allele frequencies and changing the species over time.

8. How do Embryo similarities provide evidence for evolution? The more closely related species are, the more similar they will look (and for a longer period of time) during their embryological stages.

9. What is the vocab word?! Inherited changes that allow organisms to be better suited to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. Adaptations

10. What line of evidence for evolution is this a picture of? Fossils

11. How does Biogeography provide evidence for evolution? Species which live closer together have more in common, despite environmental differences, than those in the same environment but far away. This points to gradual changes over time.

12. What is the vocab word?! All the different variations of genes in an interbreeding population Gene Pool

13. What is the vocab word?! The best adapted organisms within a particular environment will out-compete other organisms that aren’t as fit. Survival of the Fittest

14. How does DNA provide evidence for evolution? The more amount of DNA that 2 species have in common, the more closely they are related. This points to common ancestors.

15. What line of evidence for evolution is this a picture of? Embryological Similarities

16. How do structural similarities in anatomy provide evidence for evolution? Similarities in physical features shows descent from a common ancestor

17. Who is Charles Darwin?! The Father of Evolution by Natural Selection

18. What is the vocab word?! The physical traits and behaviors that enable organisms to survive and reproduce in their environment. Fitness

19. What is the vocab word?! The physical traits and behaviors that enable organisms to survive and reproduce in their environment. Fitness

20. What are the three types of structures that provide evidence for evolution? 1. Homologous Structures 2. Analogous Structures 3. Vestigial Structures

21. What type of structure is shown? Analogous

22. Define: Homologous Structures Structures that look similar internally but serve different functions Analogous Structures Structures that look different internally but serve similar functions Vestigial Structures Remnants of structures that used to be functional in their ancestral form but, today, serve little to no function

23. What is the closest common ancestor of gorillas and salamanders? Ancestor C A B C D E F

24. What type of structure is shown? Homologous

25. List the 5 things necessary for a species to stay in genetic equilibrium? 1. A large breeding population 2. No Mutations 3. Random Mating 4. No Migration 5. No Natural Selection

26. What type of structure is shown? Vestigial

27. Chance events that change the genetic composition of a population is what? Genetic Drift

28. Bald Eagles on Mt Hood actually aren’t always bald. Some have lots of hair and some have no hair, and some are in-between. During mating season, female eagles prefer the birds with some hair- not too much and not bald. What kind of natural selection pressure is this and how will the population change? Stabilizing- The population of birds will change to show the intermediate hair type.

29. What type of natural selection pressure is shown? Disruptive Selection

30. What is the closest common ancestor of Sharks and Lamprey? Ancestor A A B C D E F

31. In part of the rainforest, there is a population of 2,500 monkeys. Due to deforestation and global warming, the monkey population has declined to 150 individuals. If the population was in genetic equilibrium, will it continue to stay in equilibrium? Why or Why not? No- there is no longer a large breeding population.

32. The dramatic loss of genetic variation due to environmental effects of human activities? Bottleneck Effect

33. What type of natural selection pressure is shown? Directional Selection

34. The loss of genetic variation when a new colony is formed by a small number of individuals from a larger population Founder Effect

35. What type of natural selection pressure is shown? Stabilizing Selection

36. Is this population in genetic equilibrium? Why or Why not? Two different types of rabbits live in Oregon, ones with short ears and ones with long ears. Hunters prize the long eared rabbits; so due to predator pressures, the long eared rabbits have began moving to the short eared rabbits territory and breeding with them. No- because the long eared rabbits are migrating.

37. What is a derived characteristic shared by gorillas and salamanders? Jaws and Lungs A B C D E F

38. Evolution happens… a. In a single generation b. To anyone with a mutation c. Over many generations d. To individuals C: Over many generations

39. What is a derived characteristic shared by Tigers and Lizards? Jaws, Lungs, and Amniotic Membranes A B C D E F

40. A population of butterflies lives along a sandy beach. Some of the butterflies have white wings and some have brown wings. Over time, the habitat changes to a forested area with lots of trees. What kind of natural selection pressure is this and how will the population change? Directional- Over time, the population will have more and more brown wings.

41. What are the characteristic that gorillas have that salamanders don’t? Amniotic Membranes, Hair, No tail A B C D E F