1. Silicon

2.  Occurs as silica (SiO 2 ) & other silicates.  Hard & Brittle.

3. Forms Of Silica Agate Opal

4. Pure Silicon

5.  Intrinsic Silicon.  Covalent Bond.  Insulator.  Resistivity 2.5 x 10 5 ohms-cm

6. Pure Silicon

7. Pure Silicon Bonding

8. Why Silicon

9.  Abundance of Silicon  Higher Melting Temperature for Wider Processing Range.  Wider Temperature range of operation  Natural growth of SiO 2

10. Why Silicon SiO 2 growth is needed for high performance MOS.

11. Doped Silicon

12. Doping  Adding Certain Elements to Enhance the Conductivity of Semiconductor.  Becomes Extrinsic.  Resistivity drops to 0.2 ohms-cm.

13. Doping of Silicon

14. Dopant Material

16. n-Type Silicon

17.  Pentavalent Dopant Used.  More Electrons than Valance Band Holes.  Need Little Energy for Excess Electron to Go to Conduction Band.  Majority Carrier Electron & Minority Carrier Hole.

18. n-Type Silicon

19. p-Type Silicon

20.  Trivalent Dopant used  More Valance Band Holes than Conduction Band Electrons.  Majority Carrier Hole & Minority Carrier Electron.

21. p-Type Silicon

22. p & n Type Silicon