1. Thresholds and Closing Windows: Risks of Irreversible Cryosphere Climate Change at Current INDCs Georg Kaser Mountain Glaciers: First Irreversible Signs

2. IPCC AR5 WG1 SPM (2013) 20002100 1,0 m 0,0 m Sea Level Projections Levermann et al. PNAS (2013) RCP8.5 RCP2.6

3. Observes sea level rise 1993-2010: 3.2 mm/year Data from Table 13.1 IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch.13 (2013) Thermal expansion: 38% Glaciers: 28% Greenl. Ice Sheet: 10% Antarct. Ice Sheet: 10% Land water stor.: 14% Total :100% Obs. GMSLR: 110%

4. Gardner et al. Science 2013 IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch.4 (2013) Glacier shrinkage [Gt/yr]: 2003 - 2009 appr. 200,000 glaciers 726,258 km 2 38,5 % TW 412 mm SLE appr. 200,000 glaciers 726,258 km 2 38,5 % TW 412 mm SLE

5. Data: ACINN, BAdW Glacier loss rates increase 3 glaciers in Austria

6. Alps (small glaciers): 100 % anthropogenic drivers Global (large glaciers) : 70 % anthropogenic drivers, 30 % „recovery“ from Little Ice Age. Marzeion et al. Science (2014) Glacier shrinkage: The drivers Natural forcing Natural + anthropogenicObservations

7. Glacier mass loss until 2300 RCP8.5 = 4.5°C in 2100 RCP2.6 = 1.6°C in 2100 RCP4.5 = 2.4°C in 2100

8. Marzeion et al. TC (2012) The glaciers‘ future contribution to sea level rise

9. Kaser et al. PNAS (2010) Present glaciers‘ contribution to water availability (steady state)

10. Foto: B. Marzeion