1. Rochester Institute of Technology 1 Job Submission Andrew Pangborn & Myles Maxfield 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu1

2. 2 The Grid Virtual organizations spanning multiple administrative domains –Different organizations and administrators –Different hardware –Different queuing systems How do we make sense of it all? 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu2

3. 3 The Problem At one end are computing resources (the grid fabric) managed by batch queuing systems and middleware At the other end are end-users and their jobs/applications Need software and protocols for submitting jobs to the computing resources Also want to be able to monitor jobs after submission and efficiently schedule them to achieve high-throughput 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu3

4. 4 Grid Architecture 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu4 Image from Ian Foster paper (The Anatomy of the Grid) Job Submission

5. 5 Batch Queuing Systems Submitting a job directly to the batch queuing system One or more queues –Priorities Two common architectures –Client/server –Dynamic offloading User credential (delegation) Jobs have states (e.g. Pending, Running) 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu5

6. 6 Batch Queuing Systems Important examples: –Portable Batch System –TORQUE –Xgrid –Sun Grid Engine –Load Sharing Facility –Condor 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu6

7. 7 Portable Batch System (PBS) Originally developed for NASA Client/server architecture Server: pbs_server Client: pbs_mom Works with MPI with built-in shell script variables 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu7

8. 8 PBS Example litherum@gras:~$ cat test.sh #!/bin/sh #testpbs echo This is a test echo today is `date` echo This is `hostname` echo The current working directory is `pwd` ls -alF /home uptime 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu8

9. 9 PBS Example litherum@gras:~$ qsub test.sh 6.gras.carrion.rit.edu litherum@gras:~$ qstat Job id Name User Time Use S Queue ------------------------- ---------------- --------------- -------- - ----- 6.gras test.sh litherum 00:00:00 C batch litherum@gras:~$ cat test.sh.o6 This is a test today is Sat Jan 17 18:20:20 EST 2009 This is carrion02 The current working directory is /home/litherum total 20 drwxr-xr-x 31 litherum litherum 4096 Jan 17 18:19 litherum/ 18:20:20 up 131 days, 21:20, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu9

10. 10 Torque Built on top of PBS Supports reservations, where you can reserve specific resources for specific times. Supports partitions, where you can partition a cluster into smaller sub-clusters. 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu10

11. 11 Torque litherum@gras:~$ showq ACTIVE JOBS-------------------- JOBNAME USERNAME STATE PROC REMAINING STARTTIME 0 Active Jobs 0 of 4 Processors Active (0.00%) 0 of 2 Nodes Active (0.00%) IDLE JOBS---------------------- JOBNAME USERNAME STATE PROC WCLIMIT QUEUETIME 0 Idle Jobs BLOCKED JOBS---------------- JOBNAME USERNAME STATE PROC WCLIMIT QUEUETIME Total Jobs: 0 Active Jobs: 0 Idle Jobs: 0 Blocked Jobs: 0 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu11

12. 12 Xgrid Apple Essentially the same as Condor GUI! =) Client/server model http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/62/XgridAdminTool.jpg 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu12

13. 13 Sun Grid Engine Open source, like everything new Sun puts out Supports –Reservations –Job dependencies, –Checkpointing –Multiple scheduling algorithms –Web interface Professional! 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu13

14. 14 Middleware These queuing systems are hard to use There may be many systems employed in a given grid Wouldn’t it be nice if all this were unified in a single implementation? Middleware that handles job submission in a virtual organization across resources spread throughout multiple administration domains would be useful! 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu14

15. 15 A tool for pooling and “scavenging” computing resources and distributing jobs Similar to a batch queuing system [2] –job management –scheduling policy –priority scheme –resource monitoring –resource management. Also focuses on high-throughput and “opportunistic computing” [2] –Utilize computing resources whenever they are available 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu15 Condor image from: http://www.cs.wisc.edu/condor/

16. 16 Condor Universes [1] Standard –Check pointing, fault tolerance –Link job against condor libraries Vanilla –Simpler, can run universal binaries (do not need to be “condor compiled”) –No support for partial execution or job relocation Others –PVM –MPI –Java 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu16

17. 17 Condor Submission File Example [1] #hello.sub #condor job file example Universe = Vanilla Executable = hello Output = hello.out Input = hello.in Error = hello.err Log = hello.log Queue 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu17

18. 18 Some Condor Commands [5] condor_submit – Submit a condor job condor_q – View condor job queue condor_status – Check status of jobs in queue condor_compile – Re-links jobs for use in standard universe 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu18

19. 19 Condor job structures Master-Worker Single master process coordinates all the independent tasks Collects results as workers finish, distributes new jobs to workers DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu19 Programming models for larger scale jobs using condor agent

20. 20 GRAM [4] Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM) –Resource allocation –Process creation –Monitoring –Management –Maps requests expressed in a Resource Specification Language (RSL) into commands to local schedulers and computers. 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu20

21. 21 GRAM Pluggable! Can’t make up their mind how to describe jobs Will submit jobs to: –Condor –LSF –PBS/Torque –??? Unified interface, identifier for which cluster/service to use Job submission file 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu21

22. 22 GRAM Example maxfield@tg-login1:~> globusrun-ws -submit -factory https://tg-login.ornl.teragrid.org:84 44/wsrf/services/ManagedJobFactoryService -factory-type PBS -streaming -job-command /bin/ hostname Delegating user credentials...Done. Submitting job...Done. Job ID: uuid:89538014-e4f2-11dd-81df-0010180bb4e6 Termination time: 01/18/2009 23:57 GMT Current job state: Pending Current job state: Active tg-c15 Current job state: CleanUp-Hold Current job state: CleanUp Current job state: Done Destroying job...Done. Cleaning up any delegated credentials...Done. 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu22

23. 23 GRAM Input Example /bin/echo this is an example string Globus was here ${GLOBUS_USER_HOME}/stdout ${GLOBUS_USER_HOME}/stderr http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.2/4.2.1/execution/gram4/user/#gram4-user-usagescenarios-jdd 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu23

24. 24 Condor-G [4] Condor-G is a Globus-enabled version of the Condor scheduler. It uses Globus to handle inter-organizational problems like: –Security –Resource management for supercomputers, –Executable staging. The same Condor tools that access local resources are now able to use the Globus protocols to access resources at multiple sites. It communicates with these resources and transfers files to and from these resources using Globus mechanisms, such as: –GSI for security –GRAM protocol for job submission –GASS for file transfer Condor-G can be used to submit jobs to systems managed by Globus. Globus tools can be used to submit jobs to systems managed by Condor 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu24

25. 25 Condor-G 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu25

26. 26 Using Condor-G Set condor universe=globus in submit file Also need to specify the globus scheduler hostname, for example: globusscheduler = example.org/jobmanager Still use globus_submit command TeraGrid Condor-G example here: –http://www.teragrid.org/userinfo/jobs/condorg.phphttp://www.teragrid.org/userinfo/jobs/condorg.php 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu26

27. 27 UNICORE Alternative to Globus Primarily used in Europe Uses web services, similar to GT4 GUI Abstract Job Objects User -> Server -> Virtual Site X.509 and SSL 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu27

28. 28 UNICORE GUI 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu28

29. 29 Upperware Abstract Job Objects? Workflows? What is all this nonsense?! Scientist (primary user) doesn’t care about this stuff Shouldn’t have to deal with writing XML description files or creating a complicated workflow Simply let them run their program 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu29

30. 30 GridShell 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu30 Unified command line interface Defer to resident experts

31. 31 References 1. http://www.linuxjournal.com/node/9058/print - Getting started with Condor http://www.linuxjournal.com/node/9058/print 2. Thain, D., Tannenbaum, T., & Livny, M. (2005). Distributed computing in practice: the Condor experience. 3. http://grid.rit.edu/seminar/lib/exe/fetch.php/users:jeremy_espenshade:condorjobs ubmission.ppt http://grid.rit.edu/seminar/lib/exe/fetch.php/users:jeremy_espenshade:condorjobs ubmission.ppt 4. http://iag.iucc.ac.il/presentations/front2.ppt http://iag.iucc.ac.il/presentations/front2.ppt 5. http://www.cs.wisc.edu/condor/manual/v7.2/ http://www.cs.wisc.edu/condor/manual/v7.2/ 6. http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.2/4.2.1/execution/gram4/user/#gram4-user- usagescenarios-jdd http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.2/4.2.1/execution/gram4/user/#gram4-user- usagescenarios-jdd 7. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/62/XgridAdminTool.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/62/XgridAdminTool.jpg 8. Wikipedia 9. http://www.isgtw.org/images/Rudolph_expert_client_screenshot2.jpg http://www.isgtw.org/images/Rudolph_expert_client_screenshot2.jpg 10. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Double_curvature_steel_latti ce_Shell_by_Shukhov_in_Vyksa_1897_shell.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Double_curvature_steel_latti ce_Shell_by_Shukhov_in_Vyksa_1897_shell.jpg 01/19/09Service Oriented Cyberinfrastructure Lab, http://grid.rit.edu31