1. February 1, 20161 TOP TEN WORDS MOST OFTEN CONFUSED/MISUSED These common errors should be avoided in ALL writing! Points will be deducted for each error. Special thanks to Nathan Wood for his contributions. Also, to Grammar Girl-I am a big fan of her websites!

2. February 1, 20162 TOP TEN LIST 1.They’re, Their, There 2.Your/You’re (you) 3.To/Too/Two 4.A lot/a lot 5.It’s/its 6. S/s’/’s 7. Then/Than 8. COULD OF/MUST OF SHOULD OF/WOULD OF (HAVE) 9. Who vs. That 10. SVPS! (everyone, anyone, anybody, everybody, a person, etc.- check subjects & pronouns, check subjects and verbs)!

3. February 1, 20163 ERROR #1 THEY’RE THEIR THERE

4. February 1, 20164 They’re This is a contraction of “they are”. It should only be used when expressing they are. Example: They’re gone. *In academic/formal writing one would avoid the use of contractions opting for They are instead, thus avoiding this error.

5. February 1, 20165 THEIR This is a possessive word. It is only used to express ownership. Example: their books

6. February 1, 20166 THERE This is the most commonly used form. It expresses location. Example: There are some students. Go there.

7. February 1, 20167 ERROR #2 YOUR YOU’RE

8. February 1, 20168 YOUR This is a possessive word. It is only used to express ownership. Example: Your books. WARNING: Be careful when typing that you do not type you when you mean your. Example: Be sure to bring you book to class.

9. February 1, 20169 YOU’RE This is a contraction of you are. It should only be used when expressing you are. Example: You’re friendly. *In academic/formal writing one would avoid the use of contractions opting for You are instead, thus avoiding this error.

10. February 1, 201610 ERROR #3 TO TWO TOO

11. February 1, 201611 TO This word is a preposition. It expresses direction. Examples: Go to the store. Whom* did you talk to? (Preferred academic would be-To whom did you talk?) *Whom is used as the object form; you is the subject of the sentence.

12. February 1, 201612 TWO This word expresses the number two (2). It should only be used to express the number two. Example: Pick up two cases of pop.

13. February 1, 201613 TOO This word is an adverb. It expresses also, sufficiently, or extremely. It should only be used when these words could be substituted. Examples: I am going too. (also) One can never have too much chocolate. (sufficient) I am too tired. (extremely)

14. February 1, 201614 ERROR #4 A LOT

15. February 1, 201615 A LOT If you wish to express a lot, write it as two SEPARATE words. Example: I have a lot of homework tonight. Alot-This is not a standard English word. –DO NOT USE UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES!

16. February 1, 201616 ERROR #5 IT’S ITS

17. February 1, 201617 IT’S This word is a contraction of it is. It should only be used when expressing it is. Example: It’s cold outside. *In academic/formal writing one would avoid the use of contractions opting for It is instead, thus avoiding this error.

18. February 1, 201618 ITS This is a possessive word. It is only used to express ownership by something that is singular, and neither male nor female. Example: Its cord is not plugged in.

19. February 1, 201619 ERROR #6 S ‘S S’

20. February 1, 201620 S The letter s is the most common way to make words plural. It should be added to most words to indicate more than one. Examples: schools, books, desks, teachers

21. February 1, 201621 ‘S The ‘s is the most common method for showing possession. It MUST be used to make a singular noun show ownership. Examples: The school’s policies Jim’s car America’s flag

22. February 1, 201622 S’ The s’ is used to show that the word is plural AND possessive. The s makes the word plural, and the apostrophe makes it possessive. Examples: two schools’ policies three teachers’ desks

23. February 1, 201623 ERROR #7 THAN THEN

24. February 1, 201624 THAN This word is used for comparisons. It should be used to show a difference between two or more items. Examples: He is taller than the door. I did more work than they did. Jim is smarter than Sam.

25. February 1, 201625 THEN This word is used to express time or next in order of sequence or place. It cannot be used to compare in any circumstance. Example: I went to English class, then math.

26. February 1, 201626 ERROR #8 COULD OF MUST OF SHOULD OF WOULD OF These are not standard English DO NOT EVER USE!

27. February 1, 201627 ERROR #8 All should be expressed with the helping verb have. Could have Must have Should have Would have *In academic/formal writing one would avoid the use of contractions opting for could have etc. instead, thus avoiding this error

28. February 1, 201628 ERROR #9 WHO VS. THAT

29. February 1, 201629 WHO WHO is used to indicate or in reference to a human. The skateboarder that does tricks is awesome. (Wrong!) The skateboarder who does tricks is awesome. Example: My grandma, who bakes delicious cookies, is coming over for Mother’s Day. Additional notes: A. a comma is used before and after the who clause because it describes grandma but is not necessary to the sentence because we know it is your grandma. This is called a nonessential clause. B. Notice the apostrophe in Mother’s as it is possessing a particular day.

30. February 1, 201630 THAT THAT is used to indicate nonhumans or inanimate objects. Examples: The dog that bit me is at the pound. The rock that was found by the little boy, weighed 10 pounds.

31. February 1, 201631 #10. SINGULAR VS. PLURAL SVP’S Singular versus plural can happen between subjects and verbs, subjects and pronouns and all three. The “number” is determined by the SUBJECT. Be careful with verbs: is/are (singular/plural present tense) and was/were (singular/plural past tense).

32. February 1, 201632 Anyone, Everyone, Someone, Anybody, Everybody, Each, Anything, etc. Most often people use “their” as the associated pronoun. For example, Everyone needs to bring their book to class. This is incorrect.

33. February 1, 201633 SVP (singular versus plural) WRONG-This author is able to pour a lot of creativity and emotion into their writing. CORRECT-This author is able to pour a lot of creativity and emotion into his writing. WRONG-The people who left their books is responsible for the mess. CORRECT- The people who left their books are responsible for the mess. OR The person who left his/her book is responsible for the mess.

34. February 1, 201634 POSSESSIVE PRONOUN The correct pronoun(s) to use with anyone, everyone, someone, anybody, everybody, is his/her. Everyone needs to bring his/her book to class.

35. February 1, 201635 TOP TEN PLUS WORDS MOST OFTEN CONFUSED/MISUSED Now let’s go further! 50 and counting! These common errors should be avoided in ALL writing! Points will be deducted for each error.

36. February 1, 201636 #11 EVERYDAY vs EVERY DAY

37. February 1, 201637 EVERYDAY This word is an adjective. It describes a noun. Example: I wear my everyday jacket to school.

38. February 1, 201638 EVERY DAY These words are an expression of time. Example: She wears the blue jacket every day.

39. February 1, 201639 #12 ALL READY vs ALREADY

40. February 1, 201640 ALL READY All ready means prepared. Example: John is all ready to go to school.

41. February 1, 201641 ALREADY Already means previously. Example: Mom was going to clean the house, but Dad already did it.

42. February 1, 201642 #13. ACCEPT vs. EXCEPT Accept means “to agree to” Except means “with the exclusion of” I will accept all the recommendations except the last one.

43. February 1, 201643 #14. ADVICE vs. ADVISE ADVICE (noun): counsel ADVISE (verb): to recommend If I ask for her advice, she may advise me to quit.

44. February 1, 201644 #15. AFFECT vs. EFFECT AFFECT-MOSTLY A VERB: to influence His performance affected me. She affected an air of superiority. (noun) She had a happy affect. (from the field of psychology to acknowledge an emotion) EFFECT-MOSTLY A NOUN: the result That drug has dangerous effects. The sound effects were amazing. (verb) to bring about The teacher effected certain changes. Visit grammargirl on line for more fun information http://grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/affect -versus-effect.aspx

45. February 1, 201645 #16. AISLE vs. ISLE AISLE: a passage between sections of seats. The bride walked down the aisle. ISLE: a small island He was stranded on the isle for 7 days before a plane rescued him.

46. February 1, 201646 #17. All Right vs. Alright NEVER USE ALRIGHT it is not standard English. ALWAYS use ALL RIGHT. Even when “alright” means okay it is still slang. Can be used in creative writing in dialogue, but it is not acceptable in academic writing.

47. February 1, 201647 #18. Altogether vs. All together Altogether means “entirely” or “on the whole” (overall) All together means that each of the parts of a group are considered at once. Examples: Altogether, the band played well. The band played well all together.

48. February 1, 201648 #19. AMONG vs. BETWEEN AMONG: use when referring to THREE or more of something. BETWEEN: use when referring to TWO only of something.

49. February 1, 201649 #20. AMOUNT vs. NUMBER AMOUNT: use to refer to money or to things that cannot be counted. NUMBER: use to refer to things that can be counted. The amount of student interest was measured by the number of homework assignments turned in.

50. February 1, 201650 #21. ANY ONE vs. ANYONE Spell as two words when followed by “of” Spell as one word when the accent is on “any” Example: Anyone is allowed to attend any one of the classes.

51. February 1, 201651 ANYWAYS anywayS is NOT A WORD!!! The word is anyway (NO S!) Now you know, right?

52. February 1, 201652 #22. ARE vs. OUR ARE- OUR- possessive pronoun. Proof read carefully.

53. February 1, 201653 #23. BECAUSE Because and cause are two different words. Because (conjunction): for the reason that Cause: reason, motive –Cause pronounced as “cuz” is slang! NEVER USE CUZ.

54. February 1, 201654 #24. CAN vs. MAY Can indicates ability May indicates permission Example: I can finish the project on time if I may have someone help me. I can play the piano. May I use a bathroom pass?

55. February 1, 201655 #25. COMPLEMENT vs. COMPLIMENT COMPLEMENT (noun): something that completes Example: A direct object is a sentence complement. Also a (verb) to make whole or bring to perfection. Example: That color complements your eyes COMPLIMENT (noun): Expression of praise. Example: Her hair receives many compliments.

56. February 1, 201656 #26. COUNCIL vs. COUNSEL

57. February 1, 201657 #27. Decent vs Descent

58. February 1, 201658 #28. DESSERT vs. DESERT I’d rather have two s’s in dessert, sugar and sweets, than one s in desert, sand!

59. February 1, 201659 #29. DEFINITELY vs. DEFIANTLY DEFINITELY: having distinct limits, fixed, clear in meaning DEFIANTLY: bold, impudent, challenge, a disposition to resist.

60. February 1, 201660 #30. E.G. vs. I.E. e.g.: means “for example” and is followed by a comma. Latin: exempli gratiE=example i.e.: means “that is” or “in other words” and is followed by a comma. Use i.e. as a transition and use it to introduce a restatement or explanation of a preceding expression. Latin: id estI=in other words The assignment has merit: e.g., (for example) it is helpful, forward- looking and educational. Unfortunately, it is also controversial; i.e., (that is/in other words) it will generate some unfavorable opinions.

61. February 1, 201661 #31. EMINENT vs. IMMINENT EMINENT: means well-known. IMMINENT: means about to happen. The arrival of the eminent teacher from Harvard is imminent.

62. February 1, 201662 #32. FARTHER vs. FURTHER FARTHER: refers to distance (think- literal) FURTHER: refers to extent or degree (think-figurative) Example: We drove 10 miles farther while we discussed the matter further. The farther he throws the ball, the further his chances are to be MVP.

63. February 1, 201663 #33. FEWER vs. LESS FEWER: use fewer to refer to things that can be counted. LESS: use less to refer to money or to things that cannot be counted. Alvin worked fewer hours on his homework and therefore generated a less interesting assignment.

64. February 1, 201664 #34. GOOD vs. WELL Good is an adjective Well is an adverb or an adjective when referring to health. Example: Joe does a good job and performs well on tests, even when he does not feel well. I am doing well.

65. February 1, 201665 #35. IMPLY vs. INFER IMPLY (verb): suggest (speaker or writer) The lawyer implied that her client had been treated badly. (think-throw) INFER (verb): conclude (listener or reader) (think-catch) I inferred from your argument that you intend to win. A higher level thinking skill!

66. February 1, 201666 #36. KNEW vs. NEW Knew/new are two different words. Know/now are two different words Knew is the past tense of know. Know is Knowledge New: not old Now: at the present time, or in view of the fact.

67. February 1, 201667 #37. LAY vs. LIE Lay (laid, laying) means “to put” and requires an object to complete its meaning. Lie (lay, lain, lying) means “to rest” Examples: Please lay the supplies on the shelf. I laid the folders in the drawer I lie on the couch when I get home from school. The report lay on his desk for two days.

68. February 1, 201668 #38. LOOSE vs. LOSE LOOSE: not fastened LOSE: to be unable to find Do not lose the loose change in your pocket.

69. February 1, 201669 #39. PASSED vs. PAST Passed is a verb meaning to move on or by. Past is an adjective, adverb or preposition meaning “earlier” Example: That car has passed me in the past.

70. February 1, 201670 #40. PRINCIPAL vs. PRINCIPLE PRINCIPAL: most important or leading person. The principal person in our school is our principal, Mrs. Bustard. The principal is my pal! PRINCIPLE: rule or law He lives by his code of ethics, his principles. His principles would never allow him to cheat on the assignment.

71. February 1, 201671 #41. REAL vs. REALLY Real is an adjective. Do not use real to modify another adjective. Really is an adverb. Adverbs can “add” to a verb, another adverb, or an adjective. WRONG: He is real good at soccer. (test-can you say he is “real” at soccer? If not, it is modifying “good” and it is wrong!) CORRECT: He is really good at soccer. EX: She was really (not real) proud (to what extent was she proud=adverb) that her necklace contained real pearls (what kind of pearls=adjective).

72. February 1, 201672 #42. SENSE vs. SINCE Sense is a noun meaning to perceive or having to do with any of the senses, understanding or common sense. Since means from that time or event until now. Example: His sense was that the room had not been cleaned since the last family had moved out.

73. February 1, 201673 #43. SET vs. SIT SET: (set, setting) to place SIT: (sit, sat, sitting) to be seated Please set your papers on the table. She set the computer on the desk. I have set the computer there before. Please sit in the chair. She sat in the first-class section. I had not sat there before.

74. February 1, 201674 #44. SITE vs. CITE vs. SIGHT SITE (noun): a location He chose a wonderful site for his new house. Also for websites CITE (verb): to refer to He cited several sources in his research project. SIGHT (noun/verb): the ability to see or something that is seen. He lost his sight when he was five. The nearly extinct bird was sighted flying over the jungle.

75. February 1, 201675 #45. STATIONARY vs. STATIONERY STATIONARY: remaining in one place. STATIONERY: writing paper. I used my personal stationery to write to them to ask whether the computer should remain stationary.

76. February 1, 201676 #46. SURE vs. SURELY Sure- means free from doubt. Sure is an adjective. Do not use sure to modify another adjective. WRONG: I am sure happy today. Surely is an adverb. CORRECT: I am surely happy today. Example: I’m surely (not sure) glad that she is running and feel sure that she will be nominated.

77. February 1, 201677 #47. Uninterested vs. Disinterested Uninterested means “having no interest.” Disinterested means “neutral” or “unbiased”

78. February 1, 201678 #48. WEATHER vs. WHETHER WEATHER (noun): general condition of temperature. Check the weather before you dress. Also a verb: to get through safely We will weather any storm together. WHETHER (conjunction): if it be the case that; either He asked whether we were going.

79. February 1, 201679 #49. WHOSE vs. WHO’S Whose is a possessive pronoun. Who’s is a contraction for “who is.” Example: Who’s going to let us know whose turn it is to pick up donuts.

80. February 1, 201680 #50. LED vs. LEAD

81. February 1, 201681 # 51. QUIET vs. QUITE

82. February 1, 201682 #52. MORAL vs. MORALE

83. February 1, 201683 #53. PERSONAL vs. PERSONNEL

84. February 1, 201684 You are to write either a poem or a short story that incorporates at lease 10 items from the list. You are to use BOTH of the words from each of the 10 numbers. Use them both correctly in context. Please underline each of the words and write the error # it matches.