1. Clause: has a subject and a predicate (verb) Independent Clause: a sentence that can stand alone Dependent Clause: has only a noun or adjective or adverb within the sentence, and can not stand alone. Phrase: has no verb or may not contain the Subject, Verb, Object

2.  Clause: has a subject and a predicate (verb)  Example:  My dog loves pizza crusts.  Dog = subject loves = verb.

3.  Independent Clause: An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought.  An independent clause is a sentence.  Example:  Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz.

4.  Dependent Clause: has only a noun or adjective or adverb within the sentence, and can not stand alone  Example:  When Jim studied  What happened when he studied? The thought is incomplete

5.  Phrase: has no verb or may not contain the Subject, Verb, Object  Example:  The man in the moon  The long tail

6. Possessive Nouns: shows ownership contraction: a word formed from two or more individual words pronoun: The part of speech that substitutes for nouns or noun phrases (it, you)

7.  Possessive Nouns: shows ownership  This can be singular possessive  This can be plural possessive  Example:  Singular: The boy’s bike is red. (one boy)  Plural: The boys’ bikes are red. (more than one boy)

8.  Contraction: a word formed from two or more individual words – uses an apostrophe  Example:  I am = I’m  Does not = doesn’t  Is not = isn’t  She is = she’s

9.  pronoun: The part of speech that substitutes for nouns or noun phrases (it, you)  Example:  Me  Youhe  Herwe  IttheyI

10. Rhetorical question: A question to which no answer is expected Statement: the act of stating or declaring Prepositional phrase: has a preposition, a noun (or pronoun) and an adjective (outside the building)

11.  Rhetorical question: A question to which no answer is expected  Example:  Do you want me to call your mom?  Who wants candy?  Is that your business?

12.  Statement: the act of stating or declaring  Example:  Be quiet  Move  I don’t want to go to school today.

13.  Prepositional phrase: has a preposition, a noun (or pronoun) and an adjective  Example:  She is outside the building. Where is she?  The cow jumped over the moon. Where did the cow jump?