1. MICROSCOPY

2. LAST CLASS We discussed Taxonomy, and the Linnaeus system of classifying organisms Who can remember the subgroups in Linnaeus Taxonomy? Hint: King Phillip Came Over For Grape Soda Kingdom – Phylum – Class – Order – Family – Genus – Species Looked at Dichotomous Keys

3. TODAY We will start our microbiology unit by looking at the proper use of a microscope We will discuss magnification and size calculations We will learn how to properly perform a scientific drawing We will apply our knowledge by looking at organisms under the microscope, and create scientific drawings of them.

4. MICROSCOPY Though no one is entirely sure on who is credited with the invention of the microscope, it is a critically important invention. It has helped expand science and Biology into an entire unseen world, and has allowed us to gain insight into the broader diversity of life, the organisms that cause disease and helped us better understand ourselves and where we have come from.

5. MICROSCOPY Today we will be looking at Optical (or Light) Microscopes. Uses Light to detect small objects Two types Simple Compound* As we discussed last day, there are also microscopes known as Electron Microscopes

6. SIMPLE MICROSCOPE

7. COMPOUND MICROSCOPE

8. Plant Cells

9. Human Blood Cells

10. staphylococcus aureus Hang on… what’s wrong with the naming of this organism up there ^? Correct writing: Staphylococcus aureus

11. ELECTRON MICROSCOPES Use beams of electrons to create an image of a specimen. Capable of much higher magnification and resolution compared to light microscopes

12. GUESS THAT IMAGE Pirahna Plant from Super Mario Suction Cups of an Octopus Rare species of poisonous mushroom The underside of a human finger

13. GUESS THAT IMAGE The bottom of a gecko’s foot Sharks Skin The surface of the human tongue Some clever fourth option

14. GUESS THAT IMAGE SKITTLES!!! EASTER MORNING HUMAN EGG CELLS SPORES OF A MUSHROOM

15. GUESS THAT IMAGE TEETH OF A MUSSEL SHARKS MOUTH ALIEN (FROM AVP) HUMAN FINGER

16. BACK TO OUR LIGHT MICROSCOPE REALITY… I will briefly go over the different components of the microscope… On the sticky notes in front of you, write down the name and definition of each part we discuss. When we have FINISHED discussing the parts, attempt to match the sticky note to the part on the microscope.

17. PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE 1. EYEPIECE : The eye piece contains the ocular lens I.The Ocular lens is named so as it is the lens closest to the eye. In a compound microscope it provides 10X magnification 2. Objective Lenses: Magnification ranges from 10X, 40X and 100X 3. NOSE PIECE : Holds the objective lenses

18. PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE CONT’D 4. Stage Clips : Hold Slide in place 5. Stage: Supports the slide 6. Base: Supports the microscope 7. Diaphragm: Regulates amount of light on the specimen

19. MICROSCOPE PARTS 8. Light Source : Projects light upwards through specimen and diaphragm 9. Coarse Adjustment Knob : Moves stage up and down for focusing 10. Fine Adjustment Knob : Used to sharpen the image 11. ARM : Used for support when carrying microscope

20. TO DO NOW Try to place sticky notes on corresponding part of the microscope When you have finished raise your hands -If correct, then I will give you microscope worksheet -If anything is out of place, adjust until correct

21. MAGNIFICATION CALCULATIONS In order to truly understand what you are seeing under a microscope, it is very important to take the magnification of the specimen into account. First, and simply, we must calculate the total magnification: Remember the Ocular lens provides 10X magnification The objective lenses provide 4X, 10X, 40X or 100X magnifications

22. POWER OF MAGNIFICATION CALCULATION Total Mag. = Ocular X Objective Total Mag. = 10 X Objective Total Mag. = 10 X (4, 10, 40 or 100)

23. ACTUAL SIZE CALCULATION Just by examining your specimen in a field of view you can estimate roughly the size of that organism. You start by looking at the “Number of fits” that specimen would take to fit the diameter of the field of view (ALWAYS Lined up horizontally)

24. ACTUAL SIZE CALCULATION We have calculated that there are 4 “fits” for this organism in our field of view Next we look at the Field of View Size The field of view is the diameter of the area we are observing under the microscope 2000 μm

25. ACTUAL SIZE CALCULATION To calculate the actual size of the specimen of interest use the equation: Actual Size = The diameter of the field of view (in μm) / # of fits Previous page example Actual size = 2000μm / 4 fits = 500μm

26. FIELD DIAMATERS We will use the following Field Diameters when doing our calculations: Objective LensMagnification PowerField Diameter (mm)Field Diameter (μm) Low (4x)40x4.54500 Medium (10x)100x1.81800 High (40x)400x0.45450 OIL IMMERSION (100x)1000x0.18180

27. TO DO NOW Fill in Microscope Diagram Work on Unit Conversions in Microscopy package