2. Chapter 12 Stress in the Workplace and Stress Management © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

3. Learning Outcomes After completing this chapter, the student should understand: 1.The definition of stress. 2.The process model of stress and coping. 3.How stress can negatively affect individuals and organizations. 4.The various forms of stress. 5.The three stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome. © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

4. Learning Outcomes (cont.) 6. How personalities, race, and gender affect an individual’s level of stress. 7. The definition and phases of burnout. 8. The four categories of stress in the workplace. 9.The various coping strategies available to organizations and individuals. 10.The concept of learned optimism and hardiness training. 11.The definition of stress management and the various programs used by organizations. © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

5. What is Stress? Cognitive-transactional theory defines stress as “a particular relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised by the person as taxing or exceeding his or her resources and endangering his or her well being” (Schwarzer, 2004). © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

6. Individual Distress Consequences »Behavioral »Psychological »Physiological © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

7. Work Related Stress According to the American Institute of Stress (2004), job stress costs U.S. industry approximately $300 billion annually in terms of accidents, absenteeism, employee turnover, loss of productivity, direct medical, legal, and insurance costs, workers' compensation awards, as well as tort and Federal Employers' Liability Act (FELA) judgments. © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

8. Distress - Eustress © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

9. Stressors Positive or negative External or internal Sort-term (acute) or long-term (chronic) © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

10. Individuals and Stress Personalities Minorities Gender © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

11. Burnout Three dimensions associated with burnout: 1.Emotional exhaustion 2.Depersonalization 3.Diminished personal accomplishment © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

12. Causes of Workplace Stress Individual task demands Individual role demands Group demands Organizational demands © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

13. Stages of Preventive Stress Management © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC

14. Individual Coping Strategies Relaxation Learned Optimism Hardiness Training Stress Management Programs © 2010 Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC