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What you must know and understand!
History GCSE What you must know and understand!
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Why did the Germans hate the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany at the end of WW1 £6.6 Billion Reparations Poverty & unemployment 1 War Guilt Clause Russia & Serbia started it! Land given to France & Poland Why did the Germans hate the Treaty of Versailles? Loss of food & people Military cut to 100,000 men. Germany defenceless No German troops in Rhineland It’s part of Germany! Loss of important resources Saar coalfields to France
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Threats to the Weimar Republic 1918-23
Stab in the Back Theory Threats to the Weimar Republic Surrender Spartacists 1919 Freikorps 1920 Rebellions Proportional Representation Article 48 Weak constitution £6.6 Billion Reparations 1922 refuse to pay Treaty of Versailles What threats were there to the new German democracy between ? French occupy Ruhr factories French occupation Money becomes worthless Hyper-inflation Nazi rebellion fails Munich Putsch
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Stresemann & Golden 1920s 1924-29 Solutions 1923 Problems
New currency: Retenmark Solutions Dawes Plan Pay Reparations French withdraw Jobs for most Locarno Treaty accepts Versailles Germany allowed to join the League of nations French Occupation of the Ruhr Hyper-inflation Political isolation after WW1 Reparations Poverty How did Germany recover between ? 1923 Problems Munich Putsch
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How did the Wall Street Crash and the economic depression help Hitler into power?
Hitler promises Work & Bread USA stop loans 8 Million unemployed Democracy has failed Weimar Government too weak Violent chaos on the streets Middle-class & Rich fear Communist Revolution People want quick answers Hitler promises Strong Government Nazis MPs 1928=13 1932=230 As leader of the largest party Hitler is made Chancellor
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Der Fuhrer THE THE HITLER ENABLING REICHSTAG BECAME ACT FIRE
How did Hitler increase his power between January 1933 and August 1934? THE ENABLING ACT Centre Party bribed to support Enabling Act. Hitler now dictator. Political Parties banned. Trade Unions banned. All key jobs to Nazis. HITLER BECAME CHANCELLOR Only 3 Nazis in the Government = Hitler is a ‘Puppet Leader’ THE REICHSTAG FIRE Blamed on Communist. Communist Party Banned + leaders arrested. Der Fuhrer OATH OF LOYALTY TO HITLER Army swear oath to obey Hitler. DEATH OF PRESIDENT HINDENBURG This removes the only person who could have sacked Hitler. Hitler combines President & Chancellor = Fuhrer THE NIGHT OF THE LONG KNIVES Rohm & SA leaders executed. Army now on Hitler’s Side.
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How did Hitler keep control of Germany?
The Terror State Propaganda Secret police called the Gestapo would spy on and arrest enemies of the state. Mass Rallies, Posters and Propaganda films. Keeping Control of Germany The Nazis controlled and censored the radio & newspapers. SS were responsible for running the concentration camps. School children were indoctrinated with Nazi ideas at school. Popularity Everyone was scared of being arrested by the Gestapo and being put in a concentration camp. Ripping up the Treaty of Versailles. Hitler Youth & the Young Maidens. Creating Jobs
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