1. Nonfiction Text Structures
Nonfiction Based on real people and events that actually happened

2. Nonfiction Text Structures
Cause and Effect
Comparison Contrast
Enumeration/Listing
Sequential/ Chronological Order
Concept/definition
Generalization
Process/How to
Problem Solutio

3. Cause and Effect The Cause is an Action that causes a result.
The Effect is the result of the action.
Because
Therefore
As a result of
Consequently for
I was late because my alarm clock broke.
One action CAUSED the other.
Not Cause and Effect
The dog ate my food. The dog ran away.
They are two separate events. One did not cause the other.

4. Cause and Effect Cause My alarm clock broke. Effect
ThereforeI was late for school.
As a result, I was marked tardy.

5. The American Revolution
The French and Indian War: Britain wanted colonies to pay for war
Impose Taxes to pay for the war. (Stamp act, Tea act)
Discontentment among colonists: Boston Tea Party
Anger among the British: more taxes (Intolerable Act)
Anger among the Colonists: Second Continental Congress creates a Continental Army.

6. Comparison Contrast
Compare: Finding what is similar between two things.
Contrast: Finding what is different between two things.
Similarly
On the other hand
I like chocolate ice cream because it is sweet; on the other hand, I also like lemons which are sour.

7. Comparison and Contrast
I like chocolate.
I like sweet things.
On the other hand, I like lemons. I also like sour things.

8. American Revolution Continental Army Low in number
Not professionally trained
Low on supplies
Fighting for freedom
British Army
High in numbers
Professional army
Sufficient supplies and resources
Paid fighters

9. Enumeration/Listing Writing that puts things in a list.
I went to the store and bought butter, milk, ice cream, and brownies.
I went to the doctor because I had a cold, a broken foot, pink eye, and a throbbing headache.
First Second Third
One Two Three

10. Shopping List
Butter
Bread
Milk

11. Battles of the American Revolution
Beginning
Lexington and Concord
Bunker Hill
Turning Point
Saratoga
End of War
Yorktown

12. Sequential/ Chronological Order
TIME ORDER
Today
Meanwhile
Morning, noon, night
January, February, March, April
1832, 1845, 1900, 1920, 1950

13. Sequence
Second
First
Next
And
Then
Finally

14. Sequence 1774: First Continental Congress
1775: Battle of Lexington and Concord
1776: Declaration of Independence
1781: Battle of Yorktown
1783: Treaty of Paris

15. Process/How to A process gives instructions. Begins with In order
How to bake a cake: Begin with two eggs, oil and cake mix. Blend them together in a large bowl. Grease the pan and flour the pan. Bake at 325 for 28 minutes. Enjoy!

16. Process Begin with two eggs Add oil and water.
Blend ingredients together in large bowl.
Grease and oil the pan.
Bake at 325 degrees for 28 minutes..

17. Problem Solution
Explains a problem to a reader, and then offers one or more solutions. Sometimes, the text examines a problem that has already been solved. -unfortunately -however -efforts -fortunately -solve I have too much work to do; fortunately, I do not need much sleep. I can work at night.

18. Problem Solution I am too busy. I can work at night.
I can work on weekends.
I can ask for help.
I can work faster.

19. Generalization Giving one’s opinion is generalizing.
Reading and writing are important; in fact I would say they are the most important subject in school.
Always
In fact