2. Themes Celebration of primeval American landscape America as a garden-set aside by God Unspoiled nature and expressions of the Divine Lack of narrative detail Limitless potential of unspoiled landscape Man in harmony with nature Interplay between light and dark forces Prosperity and freedom

3. Symbols Tiny figures-men Water-reflecting the Divine-linking Mountains-power of geology-apart from Europe Sky-soul, spirit, divine Trees, branches-”like men...they exhibit striking peculiarities and originality”-fragility of nature and man-impermanence

4. Thomas Cole (1801-1848) Discovered in 1825 by – John Trumbull, – William Dunlap – Asher B. Durand “The subject of art should be pure and lofty...a moral, religious, or poetic effect must be produced on the mind.”

5. The Course of Empire: The Savage State, 1836

6. Catskill Mountain House: The Four Elements, 1843-44

7. Kindred Spirits – Asher Durand, 1849

9. Niagara Frederic Church, 1857

10. Albert Bierstadt (1830-1902) One of first major artists to explore the West The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak (1863) A Storm in the Rocky Mountains (1866) Yosemite Valley (1875)

11. Albert Bierstadt, Yosemite Valley (1875)

12. Emerson's Home in Concord, Mass.

13. Henry David Thoreau (born David Henry Thoreau; July 12, 1817 – May 6, 1862) Studied at Harvard University between 1833 and 1837 Teacher at Concord Academy-fired for refusing to use corporal punishment He and his brother John then opened a grammar school in Concord in 1838. Closes after John dies from tetanus.grammar school Worked as tutor for Emerson Worked in father's pencil factory

14. July 4, 1845-begins his experiment at Walden Pond-land owned by Emerson July of 1846-arrested for refusal to pay poll tax Thoreau left Walden Pond on September 6, 1847 Walden published in 1854 Later work focuses on naturalist observations He died on May 6, 1862 at age 44.

15. Mike at Walden Pond-1995

16. Thoreau's Cabin at Walden Pond