2. BELLWORK: Block #2 1.What was the National Assembly? What was their goal? 2.Who was Marie Antoinette? Why was she unpopular in France? List three reasons! Read “The Guillotine” on pg. 348 and answer the following questions: 3.What does the guillotine symbolize? 4.Who invented the guillotine? 5.THINKER: Why was the guillotine considered a more humane form of execution? Do you agree with this?

3. Marie Antoinette Born in 1755 to the Emperor and Empress of Austria. After the Seven Years’ War, France needed to cement their alliance with Austria, so Louis decided to take an Austrian wife. When Marie Antoinette was 12, her entire family contracted small pox. The disease killed her brother and two sisters – who was going to marry Louis? Two years later, Louis paid 200,000 crowns ($11,000) for Marie’s hand in marriage. Immediately, French citizens did not support the marriage because there remained high tensions between Austria and France.

4. Marie at age 13; this portrait was sent to Louis to see if he approved

5. Marie Antoinette Marie and Louis had four children together: Marie- Therese, Charlotte, Louis & Joseph. After Louis’ birth, fighting between Austria and France broke out. Make a prediction  How would this impact French citizen’s views of Marie Antoinette?

6. This controversial portrait was considered “improper” for a queen

7. Marie Antoinette’s declining popularity Louis refused to allow his wife to participate in politics Austrian family was disappointed France was in a huge economic downturn; could not finance war French citizens felt she sided with Austria Parliament was dissolved Spent a lot of money on diamonds, clothing, palaces, and art. Famous for the saying “Let them eat cake!” –Showed her disregard for the poor citizens

9. The Guillotine Named after Dr. Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, a French medical doctor and lawmaker. He did not invent the guillotine, he just made it “mainstream” In 1790, he proposed that every criminal who was sentenced to death should be executed in the same way, regardless of social rank. He argued that France should use the guillotine to execute criminals, because it was a humane, egalitarian form of execution.

11. A Humane, Egalitarian Form of Execution? Before the French Revolution, criminals would be executed in different ways, based upon their social rank. Condemned nobles would be given a quick death by beheading. Commoners often faced torture and a long, drawn-out death. With the guillotine, Dr. Guillotin and other officials thought that they could execute criminals without causing pain or suffering.

12. The National Assembly adopted Guillotin’s proposal in 1791. It became the official execution method of France in 1792. Louis XVI signed it into law. He also stated that this method was the only "humane“ form of execution, which ensured the condemned a quick and painless death.

13. Law on the death penalty, and the mode of execution to be followed in the future.

14. The official executioner of the French Revolution, Charles-Louis Sanson, said this about the guillotine in 1792: “Relative to the methods of execution practiced heretofore, this machine has several advantages. It is less repugnant: no man's hands will be tainted with the blood of his fellow being, and the worst of the ordeal for the condemned man will be his own fear of death, a fear more painful to him than the stroke which deprives him of life”

16. What do all these scenes of execution have in common?

17. Video: The French Revolution You will now watch the first 30 minutes of the History Channel video, The French Revolution The video reviews the long and short term causes of the French Revolution – so pay attention! As you watch the video, answer the six questions on the back of your orange worksheet. These are your notes, so pay attention!

18. Partner Reading: New French Government Now that you know about the start of the French Revolution, you are going to focus on the changes the National Assembly made to the French Government. With a partner, you will each read a different section on the new form of government set up by the National Assembly As you read, answer the following questions in your notes. Once both people are finished reading, you will share your information & teach the information to your partner. Take good notes! Your partner is depending on you! You can either write the question OR write in a complete sentence. I am checking these for points on Monday!

19. A New French Government Partner A (pgs. 340-341) End of the Old Order (340) –List three decisions the National Assembly made at the August 1789 meeting. –Explain the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. –How did the King respond to the Declaration? A New France (341) –How was the National Assembly going to pay off their debts? –What did the Constitution of 1791 set up? What new rights did it give French citizens? Partner B (pgs. 342-344) Decline of the French Monarchy –What happened to the King and Queen when they tried to escape to Austria? –What happened after France declared war? A French Republic –What did delegates decide at the National Convention? –What new laws were implemented under France’s first democratic constitution?

20. STOP HERE!!!!

21. 1.A New France a)How was the National Assembly going to pay off their debts? b)What did the Constitution of 1791 set up? What new rights did it give French citizens? 2.Decline of the French Monarchy a)What happened to the King and Queen when they tried to escape to Austria? b)What happened after France declared war? 3.A French Republic a)What did delegates decide at the National Convention? b)What new laws were implemented under France’s first democratic constitution? 4.Death of a King a)What happened to Louis XVI? Why did this happen? b)Who were the Jacobins?

22. Establishing a new French Government Read pgs. 340-342 and answer the following 15 questions in your notes! This is important information about the Fr.Rev. so make sure you are reading! 1.Who was Marquis de Lafayette? 2.Who was the Paris Commune? What were they fighting for? 3.List four decisions that were made at the August 4, 1789 meeting of the National Assembly. 4.What was the French Declaration of Rights modeled after? Who influenced this document? 5.List four rights guaranteed to French citizens under the Declaration of Rights. Who was left out? 6.Why did the Revolutionaries want the monarchy to move to Paris? Did this happen?

23. 7.List three ways the National Assembly voted to limit the power of the Catholic church? 8.What did the new Constitution of 1791 rule? 9.Even though a new constitution was written for France, some citizens were still unhappy. Why? 10.What type of government did French moderates and radicals each want? 11.Why did Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette flee Paris? Where were they going? Why? 12.What happened once the monarchs reached Varennes? 13.Why did France declare war on Austria (again!) in 1792? Who sided with Austria? 14.How did the war with Austria effect French citizens’ views of the government? 15.What were the “September Massacres?” What were these radicals fighting for?

24. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen This is one of the most important documents of the French Revolution. It defined individual rights and collective rights of all the estates as one. It was adopted by the National Assembly on August 26, 1789. As a class, we are now going to read and translate the most important articles from this document.

25. The Monarchy & The Guillotine During the French Revolution, Louis and Marie were blamed for the majority of the country’s problems. A mob broke into their palace Marie became a widow in January 1793 when her husband was executed By this time, Marie’s health was deteriorating – she had tuberculosis and cancer. Marie was tried by the Revolutionary Tribunal and found guilty of treason. She was executed in October 1793, at the age of 37.

26. BELLWORK Use pg. 340 or your notes from Friday to answer the following questions: 1.Who was Marquis de Lafayette? 2.What was the French Declaration of Rights modeled after? Who influenced this document? 3.List four rights guaranteed to French citizens under the Declaration of Rights. Who was left out? 4.Why did the Revolutionaries want the monarchy to move to Paris? Did this happen? 5.THINKER: What similarities do you notice between the French Declaration of Rights and the U.S. Declaration of Independence?