1. A Time of Crisis

2. Back Death Bubonic plague  Fleas on rats  Asia to Middle East to Europe  Epidemic – outbreak of rapid-spreading disease "The symptoms were not the same as in the East, where a gush of blood from the nose was the plain sign of inevitable death; but it began both in men and women with certain swellings in the groin or under the armpit. They grew to the size of a small apple or an egg, more or less, and were vulgarly called tumours. In a short space of time these tumours spread from the two parts named all over the body. Soon after this the symptoms changed and black or purple spots appeared on the arms or thighs or any other part of the body, sometimes a few large ones, sometimes many little ones. These spots were a certain sign of death, just as the original tumour had been and still remained.”

3. Black Death Effects  Hot pokers  leeches  Use magic and witchcraft Chicken butts Urine bath and feces necklace

4. Black Death Flee cities or hide in homes Christians blame Jews Economy breaks down  Production declined  Increases in prices and wages Peasants revolt  Landowners devoted less land to raising crops  Move to cities Guilds limit opportunities

5. The Church…again The Church  No strong leadership French pope moves papacy to Avignon  Anticlerical sentiment grows Reformers work for change  Elect a pope in Rome  French cardinals choose another pope in Rome Church council in Germany removes all three and elects a new pope to return papacy to Rome

6. 100 Years War 100 Years War (1337-1453)  England and France English rulers want to keep French lands French kings want to spread their power Control of the English channel and trade  Economic rivalry and national pride fuel fighting  English Longbow  Joan of Arc leads the French Burned at the stake Martyr

7. 100 Years War Effects  French monarchs expand their power  British parliament gains the “power of the purse”  English turn to overseas trade  Monarchs need armies not vassals