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Atomic orbital & Hydrogen-atom wave function 原子軌道と水素原子波動関数.

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Presentation on theme: "Atomic orbital & Hydrogen-atom wave function 原子軌道と水素原子波動関数."— Presentation transcript:

1 Atomic orbital & Hydrogen-atom wave function 原子軌道と水素原子波動関数

2 Derivation of hydrogen-atom wave function @ Schrödinger eq. of H atom (水素原子のシュレディンガー方程式)

3 Derivation of hydrogen-atom wave function E = - — 2n 2 1 Energy (エネルギー) @ Solution (解) ψ n,l,m (r, θ,φ) R n,l (r) Y l,m ( θ,φ), = x Hydrogen-atom wave function (水素原子波動関数) Radial wave function (動径波動関数) Spherical Harmonics (球面調和関数) n = 1, 2, 3,... l = 0, 1, 2,..., n-1 m = 0, ±1, ±2,..., ±l where @ realized Hydrogen-atom wave function (実数化した水素原子波動関数) ψ n,l,m (r, θ,φ) real R n,l (r) Y l,m ( θ,φ) ± x= Realized Spherical Harmonics (実数化した球面調和関数) eliminate a imaginary by linear combination (足し算引き算して虚数を消去する) separate the variables of ( r, θ, φ ) (変数分離する) n = 1, 2, 3,... l = 0, 1, 2,..., n-1 m = 0, 1, 2,..., l where convert from the xyz to the r θ φ (polar) coordinate ( xyz 座標から極座標へ変換する) convert to the atomic unit (原子単位へ変換する) @ Schrödinger eq. of H atom (水素原子のシュレディンガー方程式)

4 Load to the Atomic Orbitals ψ n,l,m (r, θ,φ) real R n,l (r) x = n = 1, 2, 3,... l = 0, 1, 2,..., n-1 m = 0, 1, 2,..., l where Y 0,0 Y 1,0 Y + 1,1 Y - 1,1 Y 2,0 Y + 2,1 Y + 2,2 Y - 2,1 Y - 2,2 Y l,m ( θ,φ) ± n=1 n=2 n=3 R 1,0 R 2,0 R 2,1 r R 3,0 R 3,1 R 3,2 l=0 l=1 l=2 θ φ π 2π

5 n=1 n=2 n=3 R 1,0 R 2,0 R 2,1 r R 3,0 R 3,1 R 3,2 Load to the Atomic Orbitals ψ n,l,m (r, θ,φ) real R n,l (r) x= n = 1, 2, 3,... l = 0, 1, 2,..., n-1 m = 0, 1, 2,..., l where Y 0,0 Y 1,0 Y + 1,1 Y - 1,1 Y 2,0 Y + 2,1 Y + 2,2 Y - 2,1 Y - 2,2 Y l,m ( θ,φ) ± θ φ π 2π 3D representation

6 (この変形は世界地図の変形に似ている) l=2 : d z 2 orbital d orbital z2z2 This transformation is similar to that of the world map. conversion Y 2,0 (r,x,y,z)

7 Load to the Atomic Orbitals ψ n,l,m (r, θ,φ) real R n,l (r) x= n = 1, 2, 3,... l = 0, 1, 2,..., n-1 m = 0, 1, 2,..., l where Y 0,0 Y 1,0 Y + 1,1 Y - 1,1 Y 2,0 Y + 2,1 Y + 2,2 Y - 2,1 Y - 2,2 Y l,m ( θ,φ) ± + + + ++ ++ + + + + ++ + + ++ - - - -- - - - -- - -- n=1 n=2 n=3 R 1,0 R 2,0 R 2,1 r R 3,0 R 3,1 R 3,2

8 n=1 n=2 n=3 R 1,0 R 2,0 R 2,1 r R 3,0 R 3,1 R 3,2 dz2dz2 d zx d yz d xy d x 2 -y 2 pzpz pxpx pypy s ψ n,l,m (r, θ,φ) real x= Y l,m ( θ,φ) ± Load to the Atomic Orbitals Y l,m (r,x,y,z) ± R n,l (r)

9 R 1,0 R 2,0 R 3,0 n=1 n=2 n=3 s s orbital 2s 3s x = 1s x R n,l (r) ψ n,l,m (r,x,y,z) real = Y l,m (r,x,y,z) ±

10 R 2,1 R 3,1 n=2 n=3 pzpz pxpx pypy p orbital x l=1 = 3p z 3p x 3p y 2p z 2p x 2p y x R n,l (r) ψ n,l,m (r,x,y,z) real = Y l,m (r,x,y,z) ±

11 dz2dz2 d zx d yz d xy d x 2 -y 2 d orbital x = 3d z 2 3d zx 3d yz 3d xy 3d x 2 -y 2 l=2 R 3,2 n=3 x R n,l (r) ψ n,l,m (r,x,y,z) real = Y l,m (r,x,y,z) ±

12 Atomic Orbitals and Energies of the Hydrogen Atom (水素原子の原子軌道とエネルギー)

13 n=1 n=2 n=3 n=4 E = - — 2n 2 1 ( K shell ) ( L shell ) ( M shell ) ( N shell ) l=1l=2l=3l=0 m=±1m=±2m=±3 m=0 m=±1 m=±2 m=0 m=±1 m=0 n = 1, 2, 3,... l = 0, 1, 2,..., n-1 m = 0, ±1, ±2,..., ±l principal quantum number orbital angular momentum quantum number magnetic quantum number (磁気量子数) (軌道角運動量量子数) (主量子数) 0 -0.5 Atomic Orbitals and Energies of the Hydrogen Atom ψ n,l,m (r, θ,φ)

14 n=1 n=2 n=3 n=4 E = - — 2n 2 1 Atomic Orbitals and Energies of the Hydrogen Atom 4p z 4p x 4p y 4d z 2 4d zx 4d yz 4d xy 4d x 2 -y 2 4s 4f x(5z 2 -r 2 ) 4f y(5z 2 -r 2 ) 4f z(x 2 -y 2 ) 4f xyz 4f x(x 2 -3y 2 ) 4f y(3x 2 -y 2 ) 2s 3s 1s 3p z 3p x 3p y 2p z 2p x 2p y 3d z 2 3d zx 3d yz 3d xy 3d x 2 -y 2 4f z(5z 2 -3r 2 ) ψ n,l,m (r,x,y,z) real ψ n,l,m (r, θ,φ)

15 n=1 n=2 n=3 n=4 E = - — 2n 2 1 Atomic Orbitals and Energies of the Hydrogen Atom 4p z 4p x 4p y 4d z 2 4d zx 4d yz 4d xy 4d x 2 -y 2 4s 4f x(5z 2 -r 2 ) 4f y(5z 2 -r 2 ) 4f z(x 2 -y 2 ) 4f xyz 4f x(x 2 -3y 2 ) 4f y(3x 2 -y 2 ) 2s 3s 1s 3p z 3p x 3p y 2p z 2p x 2p y 3d z 2 3d zx 3d yz 3d xy 3d x 2 -y 2 4f z(5z 2 -3r 2 ) ψ n,l,m (r,x,y,z) real

16 4p z 4p x 4p y 4d z 2 4d zx 4d yz 4d xy 4d x 2 -y 2 4s 4f x(5z 2 -r 2 ) 4f y(5z 2 -r 2 ) 4f z(x 2 -y 2 ) 4f xyz 4f x(x 2 -3y 2 ) 4f y(3x 2 -y 2 ) 4f z(5z 2 -3r 2 )

17 4f x(5z 2 -r 2 ) 4f y(5z 2 -r 2 ) 4f z(x 2 -y 2 ) 4f xyz 4f x(x 2 -3y 2 ) 4f y(3x 2 -y 2 ) 4f z(5z 2 -3r 2 ) 4d z 2 4d zx 4d yz 4d xy 4d x 2 -y 2 4p z 4p x 4p y 4s 3d z 2 3d zx 3d yz 3d xy 3d x 2 -y 2 2s 3s 1s 3p z 3p x 3p y 2p z 2p x 2p y


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