1. The Coming of the American Revolution Mr. White’s World History Class

2. Objectives – Big Questions After this section, we should be able to answer these questions: After this section, we should be able to answer these questions: What motivated Europeans to explore and settle North America?What motivated Europeans to explore and settle North America? What happened in the French and Indian War?What happened in the French and Indian War? What were the results of the French and Indian War for Great Britain and the colonies?What were the results of the French and Indian War for Great Britain and the colonies? How did the results of the French and Indian begin the movement towards independence for the American colonies?How did the results of the French and Indian begin the movement towards independence for the American colonies?

3. The British Colonies Great Britain had created thirteen successful and thriving colonies in North America by the start of the 1700s Great Britain had created thirteen successful and thriving colonies in North America by the start of the 1700s

4. Mercantilism Great Britain adopted a policy of mercantilism in relation to the colonies – the colonies were… Great Britain adopted a policy of mercantilism in relation to the colonies – the colonies were… A market for manufactured British goodsA market for manufactured British goods A source of raw materialsA source of raw materials A producer of goods and materials to be soldA producer of goods and materials to be sold

5. The Navigation Acts The Navigation Acts, passed by the British Parliament, had restricted American colonial trade to be in line with mercantilism The Navigation Acts, passed by the British Parliament, had restricted American colonial trade to be in line with mercantilism No country could trade with the colonies unless the goods were shipped in colonial or English shipsNo country could trade with the colonies unless the goods were shipped in colonial or English ships All ships had to be operated by mostly English or colonial crewsAll ships had to be operated by mostly English or colonial crews Colonies could export certain products only to EnglandColonies could export certain products only to England Almost all goods traded between the colonies and Europe had to go through an English portAlmost all goods traded between the colonies and Europe had to go through an English port

6. Loose Control by Britain Britain adopted a mostly “hands-off” policy when it came to the colonies Britain adopted a mostly “hands-off” policy when it came to the colonies Salutary neglect Salutary neglect British officials didn’t strictly enforce the Navigation Acts as long as the colonies stayed loyalBritish officials didn’t strictly enforce the Navigation Acts as long as the colonies stayed loyal Raw materials continued to flow to EnglandRaw materials continued to flow to England The colonies took advantage of this salutary neglect and controlled many of their own affairs The colonies took advantage of this salutary neglect and controlled many of their own affairs

7. The Colonies The southern colonies revolved around plantation economies The southern colonies revolved around plantation economies Agriculture and cash-crops (rice, tobacco, cotton)Agriculture and cash-crops (rice, tobacco, cotton) Plantations were farmed by slavesPlantations were farmed by slaves Society was controlled by wealthy plantation ownersSociety was controlled by wealthy plantation owners The northern colonies had a mostly commercial economy The northern colonies had a mostly commercial economy Diverse crops, small farmsDiverse crops, small farms Trade, industry, ship-building – important industriesTrade, industry, ship-building – important industries Centered around city lifeCentered around city life

9. France in the New World France was Britain’s greatest rival for territory and empire in the New World France was Britain’s greatest rival for territory and empire in the New World While British colonists came mostly to stay and settle in North America, the French colonists usually came to… While British colonists came mostly to stay and settle in North America, the French colonists usually came to… Spread Christianity to the AmerindiansSpread Christianity to the Amerindians Make money through the fur tradeMake money through the fur trade

10. The French and Indian War The expansion of the French and British empires in North America brought them into direct competition for land The expansion of the French and British empires in North America brought them into direct competition for land A disagreement over land in the Ohio country led to a war between the British and French A disagreement over land in the Ohio country led to a war between the British and French The French had early victories, but the British and American colonists quickly turned the war around – captured the city of Quebec The French had early victories, but the British and American colonists quickly turned the war around – captured the city of Quebec

11. The War’s Aftermath Treaty of Paris – the French surrendered much of their territory in North America Treaty of Paris – the French surrendered much of their territory in North America Britain became the dominant empire in North America Britain became the dominant empire in North America The British Parliament passed the Proclamation of 1763 The British Parliament passed the Proclamation of 1763 Forbade colonist movement west of a line just to the west of the coloniesForbade colonist movement west of a line just to the west of the colonies This was to prevent further conflict with AmerindiansThis was to prevent further conflict with Amerindians Britain had a large amount of debt from the war that it had to pay off Britain had a large amount of debt from the war that it had to pay off

12. The Stamp Act To increase money to pay off their debts, the British Parliament passed a law charging a tax on legal documents, licenses, newspapers, etc., known as the Stamp Act To increase money to pay off their debts, the British Parliament passed a law charging a tax on legal documents, licenses, newspapers, etc., known as the Stamp Act Parliament did not consult with the colonists or the colonial governments before they did this Parliament did not consult with the colonists or the colonial governments before they did this Every colonist was affected by this Stamp Act Every colonist was affected by this Stamp Act

13. Resistance to the Stamp Act The Sons of Liberty, a group of New England merchants, shop-keepers, and artisans, organized resistance to the Stamp Act The Sons of Liberty, a group of New England merchants, shop-keepers, and artisans, organized resistance to the Stamp Act Harassed customs officers, stamp officers, and even royal governorsHarassed customs officers, stamp officers, and even royal governors Threatened to hang people from the Liberty TreeThreatened to hang people from the Liberty Tree Virginia’s colonial assembly said that only it could tax Virginians, since they had no representation in Parliament Virginia’s colonial assembly said that only it could tax Virginians, since they had no representation in Parliament Colonists were angered at being taxed without representation Colonists were angered at being taxed without representation The colonists boycotted British goods, until the Stamp Act was repealed, in 1766 The colonists boycotted British goods, until the Stamp Act was repealed, in 1766

14. The Declaratory and Townshend Acts After repealing the Stamp Act, the British Parliament passed the Declaratory Acts, saying that it had the right to pass laws for the colonies, even if the colonists didn’t have representatives After repealing the Stamp Act, the British Parliament passed the Declaratory Acts, saying that it had the right to pass laws for the colonies, even if the colonists didn’t have representatives Parliament soon passed another tax on imported goods – the Townshend Acts Parliament soon passed another tax on imported goods – the Townshend Acts Glass, lead, paint, paper, and teaGlass, lead, paint, paper, and tea Colonists again resisted and protested Colonists again resisted and protested

15. Mounting Tension Boston Massacre – clash between colonists and British troops was portrayed as an attack on colonists by the British Boston Massacre – clash between colonists and British troops was portrayed as an attack on colonists by the British Colonies began to communicate more closely as tensions rose Colonies began to communicate more closely as tensions rose Boston Tea Party – colonists protested a law that allowed the sale of tax-free tea that would undercut colonial tea sellers – dumped the tea into the harbor Boston Tea Party – colonists protested a law that allowed the sale of tax-free tea that would undercut colonial tea sellers – dumped the tea into the harbor

16. The Intolerable Acts In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed the Coercive Acts, which the colonists would call the Intolerable Acts In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed the Coercive Acts, which the colonists would call the Intolerable Acts Boston harbor was shut down until the tea was paid offBoston harbor was shut down until the tea was paid off Quartering Act allowed British troops to be quartered in colonists’ homesQuartering Act allowed British troops to be quartered in colonists’ homes General Thomas Gage was appointed the new governor of MassachusettsGeneral Thomas Gage was appointed the new governor of Massachusetts

17. Fighting Erupts Colonists in New England towns began to prepare to defend themselves, and stockpiled weapons and ammunition Colonists in New England towns began to prepare to defend themselves, and stockpiled weapons and ammunition This would erupt into armed conflict at Lexington This would erupt into armed conflict at Lexington

18. The Battles of Lexington and Concord March of 1775 – British General Gage decided to send out British troops to capture weapon stockpiles March of 1775 – British General Gage decided to send out British troops to capture weapon stockpiles April 19, 1775 – British troops arrived in Lexington, and ordered the colonists to disperse April 19, 1775 – British troops arrived in Lexington, and ordered the colonists to disperse Colonists turned started to leave, but one side opened fire – nobody knows whoColonists turned started to leave, but one side opened fire – nobody knows who Eight colonists were killed, one woundedEight colonists were killed, one wounded The British continued into Lexington and took what weapons they could findThe British continued into Lexington and took what weapons they could find On the march home, colonists attacked the British troopsOn the march home, colonists attacked the British troops Conflict and war was now likely! Conflict and war was now likely!