1. TYPES OF FATTY ACIDS

2. Homemade Butter Mini Lab ◦ Milk is considered the most complete food- water, carbs, vitamins, minerals, proteins, and fat (if desired!). ◦ Butter is made by extracting fat from the other parts of the milk. Cream has more butterfat than milk. Cream is a fat-in-water emulsion. ◦ The process of making butter is a water-in-fat emulsion. We will be forcing the fat droplets to come together until they form a larger globule and separate from the water… this is called coalescing. ◦ Directions: ◦ Measure ½ c heavy whipping cream into a glass mason jar. ◦ Add a marble and seal the lid. ◦ Wrap in a towel, and shake, shake, shake!! When your arms get tired, pass it on to a friend! You have 10 minutes… GO!!

3. FATTY ACIDS ◦ Organic acid units that make up fat. There are 3 types.

4. THREE TYPES ◦ Saturated ◦ Polyunsaturated ◦ Monounsaturated

5. Saturated Raises LDL’s Raises HDL’s Food Sources: ◦ Meat / Animal Sources ◦ Poultry Skin ◦ Whole Milk & Dairy Products ◦ Butter ◦ Shortening

6. Polyunsaturated Lowers LDL’s Lowers HDL’s Food Sources: ◦ Most Vegetable Oils ◦ Corn Oil ◦ Soybean Oil ◦ Safflower Oil

7. Monounsaturated Lowers LDL’s Raises HDL’s Food Sources: ◦ Olives / Olive Oil ◦ Avocados ◦ Peanuts / Peanut Oil ◦ Canola Oil

8. FATTY ACIDS & CHOLESTEROL LEVELS Each type of fatty acid has a different effect on cholesterol levels.

10. GOOD RULE OF THUMB ◦ Fats that are solid at room temperature are made up mainly of saturated fatty acids. ◦ Fats that are liquid at room temperature are made up mainly of unsaturated fatty acids.

11. HYDROGENATION When hydrogen atoms are added to an unsaturated fat to make it firmer in texture. (It turns liquid oil into solid fat like shortening or margarine.)

12. TRANS-FATTY ACID ◦ Hydrogenation creates a new type of fatty acid called trans-fatty acid or “man-made” fat. ◦ Trans-fatty acid have many of the same properties as saturated fats.

13. VISIBLE FAT Fat that is easily seen Examples: Butter on a baked potato, layer of fat around a pork chop, etc.

14. INVISIBLE FAT Fat that cannot be seen Examples: whole milk, some cheese, egg yolks, nuts, avocados, etc.

15. Other “Essential” Fatty Acids Linolenic Acid Linoleic Acid They are called “essential” because the body cannot manufacture them. They must be supplied by food a person eats. They are both polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are found in the natural oils of plants and fish. The body needs them for its basic functions, including production of various hormones.