1. Dr.Muthanna Alassal MBChB FICMS(CTVS) Lecturer Al-kindy medical college Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeon Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department Surgical Specialization Hospital Medical City Baghdad

2. Esophagus The esophagus is a muscular tube that starts as a continuation of the pharynx and end as a cardia of the stomach. Its about 25cm length in adult, anatomically it can be divided into 3 parts –Cervical part: it’s about 5 cm in length. –Thoracic part: This is approximately 20 cm in length. –Abdominal esophagus: it’s approximately 1-4 cm in length. The blood supply of esophagus. Histology.Physiology.

3. Clinical presentation of esophageal disorders: –Dysphagia. –Pain. –Regurgitation. –Loss of weight and cutchaxia and dehydration. –Anemia. Investigations: –Radiological. –Barium study. –CT scan and MRI. –Intra-esophageal ultrasonography. –Esophagoscopy. –Manometric study.

4. Esophageal anomalies Congenital abnormalities: Tracheo-esophageal fistula. Duplications of the esophagus. Congenital esophageal stenosis. Laryngo-Tracheo esophageal cleft. Congenital short esophagus. Congenital achalaisa. Dysphagia lusoria.

5. Tracheo esophageal fistula Type A (85%): proximal atresia and distal Tracheo-esophageal fistula

6. Tracheo esophageal fistula Type B (7%) both proximal and distal atresia

7. Tracheo esophageal fistula Type C (3%): the H-type fistula.

8. Tracheo esophageal fistula Type D (1.5%): esophageal atresia with double fistula

9. Tracheo esophageal fistula Type E (0.4%): esophageal atresia with proximal fistula

10. Tracheo esophageal fistula Type F (0.1%): esophageal stenosis.

11. Tracheo esophageal fistula Management: Clinical presentation of the common type Diagnosis. Preoperative preparation. Surgical treatment.

12. Perforation of the esophagus Causes. Clinical manifestation. Treatment. Functional disorders of esophagus (motility disorders) Achalasa. Hypermotility disorders. Motility disorders secondary to systemic diseases.

13. Achalasia Clinical presentation Diagnosis.Treatment. –Medical –Surgical